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• W2768911357 abstract "A PAN -PENUTIAN DATABASE OF MATERIALS FOR COMPARISON AND RECONSTRUCTION: ITS ORGANIZATION, USES AND CURRENT RESULTS MARIE-LUCIE TARPENT Mount Saint Vincent University 0. ABSTRACT. Sapir’s Penutian phylum is still controversial. Its demise has been announced before (Shipley), but rumours of its death are premature and it may yet be salvaged in a new form. In addition to the careful work currently being done on the individual component families, a comprehensive approach is needed, pooling all possible data and organizing them in a principled and systematic manner, before advances in comparison, subclassification and eventually even reconstruction can be more than piecemeal. This is a progress report on my pan-Penutian “database”, its organization, uses and current results.‘ 1. “PENUTIAN”: BRIEF HISTORY AND DEFINITION. The word “Penutian” has meant, and still means, different things to different people, so that a definition is necessary. To briefly recapitulate its history, the word was coined by Dixon & Kroeber (1918) as a cover term for a group of five language families in California (Wintu, Maidu, Miwok, Costanoan and Yokuts). Sapir (I921) extended the term to languages or families of Oregon (Takelma, Kalapuya, and the Coast Oregon group consisting of Coos, Siuslaw and Alsea), including also Chinook on the Columbia River and “Tsimshian”3 on the northern coast of British Columbia. Later still (1929) he added to the “Penutian phylumq the groupings Plateau Penutian (Sahaptin, Cayuse, Molale and Klamath) and Mexican Penutian (Mixe-Zoque and Huave). The definition used here is that of most contemporary Penutianists (here “traditional Penutian”), that is to say that of Sapir 1929 minus the Mexican languages: it is not meant to be rigidly exclusive (or inclusive), but provides a manageable group to investigate. Further extensions of the term to larger and larger conglomerations of languages (eg. by Swadesh, Greenberg) have not been generally accepted} 2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. Since the days of Sapir, most of the languages in question have become much better known, especially those where the work of Survey linguists with remaining speakers has resulted in a number of grammars, dictionaries and volumes of texts. Within the past two decades or so there has been dissatisfaction with the internal groupings within the phylum and even proposals to abandon it altogether, but recent developments suggest that what is needed may be reorganization rather than dismantling. This does not mean that specialists in the relevant language families all accept Sapir’s grouping as a valid genetic entity: in fact, some reject the suggestion outright, but others are willing to keep an open mind and explore the possibilities. 2.1. END OF CALIFORNIA PENUTIAN. There is a certain recognizable areal unity in the Penutian languages of California, in that their phonological systems and phonotactic structure tend to be simpler than that of their Northern counterparts, but “California Penutianq, once considered &#39; Of necessity. some of the information here has been presented elsewhere. notably in Tarpent 1997, but in addition to updating the infonnation and the results, I have tried to give a clearer picture of the organizational detail of the files. and of the methodological reasons for proceeding as I do. 2 As the term “Tsimshianq as used by Boas and Sapir is ambiguous (applying both to a single language and to the family that includes it), I have used “Tsimshianicq since 1983 to designate the family, and the name is becoming more widely accepted. This small family consists of a Maritime branch, with Southern Tsimshian (ST) and Coast Tsimshian (CT ), and an Interior branch, with Nisqa&#39;a (N) and Gitksan (G) (Tarpent I996). 3 For more details and references see Golla 2002. 119" @default.
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• W2768911357 title "A Pan-Penutian Database of Materials for Comparison and Reconstruction: Its Organization, Uses and Current Results" @default.
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