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• W2770789107 abstract "Heat-related injuries and illnesses are a long-standing threat to the health, safety and operational effectiveness of military personnel. When work or operational tasks are conducted in hot environmental conditions over a protracted time frame, whole-body temperature increases. This leads to an exacerbation of the cardiovascular response and an increase in the perception of exertion and thermal discomfort, ultimately impairing physical and mental performance. Dehydration, which often accompanies work performed in the heat, accelerates the occurrence of these detrimental effects and may increase the risk of exertional heat illness. The development of heat illness occurs over a continuum from heat exhaustion, to heat injury, and on to heat stroke. Several factors such as rapid deployment to hot geographical regions, load carrying, and wearing modern combat uniforms, which tend to inhibit heat loss avenues, also increase the risk of illness and injury notwithstanding, interventions exist which can reduce this risk of exertional heat illness and optimise operational effectiveness. Repeated exposure to heat stress (i.e. heat acclimation) enhances thermoregulatory responses, improves work capacity and thermal comfort, and reduces the risk of heat illness. The benefits of heat acclimation are achieved through enhanced sweating and skin blood flow responses, plasma volume expansion, better fluid balance and cardiovascular stability, and acquired thermal tolerance. The time course of these adaptations is remarkably rapid, with most occurring within one week and complete acclimation developing over 10–14 days. Interestingly, heat acclimation may also reduce physiological strain (i.e. cross-acclimation) and improve cellular protection (i.e. cross-tolerance) when exposed to altitude, as these environments share similar cellular stress response pathways. These include the expression of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Given that the adaptations associated with chronic heat exposure develop more rapidly than those of altitude acclimation (i.e. days vs. weeks), there is potential for utilising heat exposure prior to deployment at altitude, although additional research in this field is required. A further avenue for research also lies with utilising the heat shock response and its induction of various genes to provide insight into the adaptive and pathological responses to exercise-induced hyperthermia. This may also contribute to the development of novel approaches to identify individuals at risk of exertional heat illness and/or be used in the diagnosis of heat illnesses, and perhaps help discover molecular targets for therapeutic intervention." @default.
• W2770789107 created "2017-12-04" @default.
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• W2770789107 date "2017-11-01" @default.
• W2770789107 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2770789107 title "Heat stress and the modern day solider: Can we prevent heat illness?" @default.
• W2770789107 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.451" @default.
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