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• W2771199281 abstract "In his interesting recent book on literature and heresy in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries Andrew Cole gives some prominence to Sir John Clanvowe's treatise The Two Ways, especially to that passage in which the author defends himself and others who think like him from the sneers of detractors, who call them 'lolleris', and puts the case that God regards them as 'moost wise and moost worsshipfuT:1And also swiche folke J?at wolden fayne lyuen meekeliche in J?is world and ben out offe swich forseid riot, noise and stryf, and lyuen symplely, and vsen to eten and drynken in mesure, and to cloo^en hem meekely, and suffren paciently wroonges that oo^ere folke doon and seyn to hem, and hoolden hem apayed with lytel good of J?is world, and desiren noo greet naame of J?is world, ne no pris ther of, swiche folke J?e world scoorneth and hooldej? hem lolleris and loselis, foolis and schameful wrecches. But, sikerly, God holdeth hem moost wise and most worsshipful, and he wole worsshipen hem in heuene for evere, whan J?at J?oo J?at J?e world worsshipej? shuln bee shaamed and pyned for euere in helle, but 3ef J?at J?ei amenden hem heere eer Jeanne J?ei passen out of J?is world' (lines 503-1 8).2Andrew Cole sees this passage, convincingly in my view, as part of a redefinition of 'lollardy', or 'reinvention' as he calls it, 'absent of doctrinal specificity but resonant with notions of Christian discipleship and its attendant persecution'. In his view, the chronology of the 'reinvention of lollardy' is important: 'the word itself was not available and would not be until 1387'. Of The Two Ways he writes: 'Given that Clanvowe died in 1391, we might assume that he wrote this work in the mid to late 13805', though he gives no evidence for the date.3 If this were the case Clanvowe's defence of 'lolleris' would be one of the earliest and it may still have that claim, though the evidence suggests that the treatise in which he uses the word is likely to have been written some three or four years later.The Two Ways, which takes as its starting point Christ's parable in Matthew vii. 13 f., is preserved in two manuscripts, Oxford, University College, MS 97, fols ii4r-i23v and London, British Library, Add. MS 22283, f°l- 11O1, col. a, which contains only the last hundred lines of it.4 In Oxford, University College, MS 97, the opening of the treatise reads:This tretis next folewynge maade Sir Johan Clanevowe, kny3t , the laste viage ]pat he maade ouer the greete see in whiche he dyede, of whos soul Ihesu haue mercy. Amen, (lines 1-4)Clanvowe clearly did not and could not have written this, so we are dependent on the evidence of a copyist for attributions of authorship and date, but if this heading is accurate it suggests that Andrew Cole dates the treatise too early.5 Clanvowe, though in origins a minor gentry figure who owned some land in Wales and the Welsh Marches, had a career6 that gave him some public prominence - as a soldier, courtier, administrator, diplomat, and chamber knight to Richard II - and his death, along with that of Sir William Neville, his long-time friend, in a village or district near Constantinople (vico juxta Constantinopolim)^ after a journey across the Mediterranean, 'the greete see', was worthy of note: the Westminster chronicler says that Clanvowe died on 17 October 1391 and Neville two days later having refused to take food out of grief for his dead friend. He gives them a brief eulogy:Sunt isti milites inter Anglicos famosi viri nobiles et strenui ac etiam de genere claro product!. 7(Among the English these knights are famous men, noble and active, and drawn from glorious kindred.)On this evidence the treatise was written in the summer or early autumn of 1391 when Clanvowe was travelling with Neville, his 'comes in itinere', to Constantinople.People of the importance of Clanvowe and Neville would not have travelled alone, and it is highly likely the treatise was brought back to England, where it was copied and circulated, by the dead men's friends or by members of their retinue. …" @default.
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• W2771199281 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2771199281 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2771199281 title "THE DATE OF SIR JOHN CLANVOWE'S THE TWO WAYS AND THE 'REINVENTION OF LOLLARDY'" @default.
• W2771199281 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/43632386" @default.
• W2771199281 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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