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- W2771447638 abstract "Talking about space: A cross-linguistic perspective Michele I. Feist (m-feist@ northwestern.edu) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA stack of Legos would be described by the same term as the act of putting a book into its sleeve: both are instances of tight fit. Further, the act of putting a Lego onto a stack of Legos is distinguished from the act of putting a book onto a desk: while the former is a tight fit relation, the latter represents loose fit. Even closely related languages are not immune from such differences in the distinctions drawn between spatial relational terms. For example, as Bowerman has pointed out (Bowerman, 1996; Bowerman & Pederson, 1992, 1996; Gentner & Bowerman, 2000), Dutch makes a three-way distinction where English does not: between a cup on a table (Dutch op), a picture on a wall (Dutch aan), and a ring on a finger (Dutch om). Even if two languages appear to draw the same distinction, the boundaries between the contrasting categories often differ. For example, both English and Finnish mark a distinction between a very intimate relation such as containment and a less intimate relation such as surface contact, but the set of configurations placed in each group differs dramatically between the two languages (Table 1): rather than categorizing a handle on a pan as an instance of the less intimate relation, along with a cup on a table and a picture on a wall (as English does), Finnish places this configuration in the more intimate category along with an apple in a bowl (Bowerman, 1996). A similar example comes from a comparison of English and Berber spatial terms. Spatial relational terms in Berber fail to make a distinction between inclusion and contact with/support via an external surface of the Ground (Bowerman & Choi, 2001) akin to the English in-on distinction. Rather, reminiscent of the case in Finnish, the distinction is between “being loosely in contact” and “being ‘incorporated’ into” the Ground, with “incorporation” including both being inside and being tightly attached to an external surface or point (Bowerman & Choi, 2001). Abstract What do people attend to when describing the locations of objects in space? This paper describes a study of the ways in which speakers of seventeen languages describe static spatial relations, delving into the meanings of two kinds of spatial relational terms evident cross- linguistically: specific spatial terms and generalized spatial terms. The findings provide support for the importance of geometry, function, and qualitative physics to the meanings of specific spatial terms and suggest an interplay between semantic and pragmatic elements of meaning for generalized spatial terms. Introduction Multiple times each day, speakers make use of a relatively small set of spatial relational terms (Landau & Jackendoff, 1993) in order to localize themselves and the entities with which they interact. Use of these terms is practically automatic; from the point of view of the native speaker, they are simple, clear, and obvious. However, the difficulty that spatial terms present to second language learners belies this apparent simplicity. Furthermore, the prodigious cross-linguistic variability in spatial terms (cf, Levinson, Meira, & The Language and Cognition Group, 2003) suggests that they are anything but simple, clear, and obvious. The variability evident in spatial language takes on many different forms. As Bowerman and her colleagues have shown, distinctions that are drawn in one language may not be drawn in another. For example, while English distinguishes between support and contact, on the one hand, and containment, on the other, this distinction does not appear in Korean spatial terms (Bowerman & Choi, 2001). Instead, Korean distinguishes between a tight fit and a loose fit between two objects, a distinction not evident in English spatial terms. Thus, in Korean, the act of putting a Lego onto a Table 1: English and Finnish categorizations of some Figure-Ground relations (adapted from Bowerman, 1996, Figure 4). English Finnish Apple in bowl In Inessive case Handle on pan On Inessive case Bandaid on leg On Inessive case Ring on finger On Inessive case Fly on door On Inessive case Picture on wall On Adessive case Cup on table On Adessive case" @default.
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- W2771447638 date "2004-01-01" @default.
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- W2771447638 title "Talking about space: A cross-linguistic perspective" @default.
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