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• W2774485685 abstract "AbstractAttaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) employ type III secretion system (T3SS) to secrete effector proteins into host cells andregulate their function. Herewe have investigated T3SS genes of AEEC for non-neutral evolution. Our analysis revealed non-neutral evolution inthree genes (nleE1, nleB2 and nleD) which encode effector proteins. These genes are located outside the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE).In general, non-LEE effector genes show greater deviation from neutral evolution than LEE effector genes. These results suggest that effectorgenes located outside LEE are under greater selection pressure than those present in LEE. 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. Keywords: Type 3 secretion system; Non-neutral evolution; E. coli; Non-LEE-encoded effectors 1. IntroductionAttaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) are animportant cause of acute diarrhea. Their infection is charac-terized by ‘attaching and effacing’ (A/E) lesions which are anaggregation of polymerized actin at the site of bacterialattachment and pedestal formation in mammalian intestinalepithelium [1]. Among them, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are pathogens of highmedical significance e EPEC is a common cause of diarrheain children, whereas EHEC causes a spectrum of illnessranging from mild diarrhea to hemolytic uremic syndromewhich can be fatal [2].A horizontally-acquired genomic island known as locus ofenterocyte effacement (LEE), which encodes a type IIIsecretion system (T3SS), is responsible for the ability ofAEEC to cause A/E lesions. Many effector proteins encodedwithin LEE and elsewhere in the genome are secreted via thisT3SS into the host cell. Secreted proteins encoded outside theLEE are termed non-LEE-encoded (Nle) effectors. Together,effector proteins modulate host cellular functions in favor ofthe pathogen.T3SS is an exquisitely assembled molecular syringe-likemachine that actively transports proteins from the bacterialcytoplasm to the external environment [3,4]. A typical T3SS ismade up of about twenty proteins [5]. Effector proteins andsome structural components of T3SSs come in direct contactwith the host cellular environment. Moreover, they arerecognized by the host innate immune system and conse-quently form a part of host-pathogen arms race [6]. T3SSs are,thus, subjected to selection pressure from their hosts. In fact,some studies suggest that hosts influence the evolution of" @default.
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• W2774485685 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W2774485685 title "Short communication Non-neutral evolution in non-LEE-encoded type III effectors of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli" @default.
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