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• W2774961326 abstract "Background . Lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M1><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>) secretion in critically ill patients can be considered as a measure of immune responsiveness. It can be enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We investigated the effect of GM-CSF on ex vivo stimulated cytokine production using various preincubation regimens in healthy donors and patients with sepsis. Results . The maxima for the stimuli occurred 3 hours after stimulation. In donors, there was an increase<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M2><mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=italic>0.001</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo></mml:math>of LPS-induced TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M3><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>levels following incubation with GM-CSF. The simultaneous incubation with GM-CSF and LPS caused an inhibition of TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M4><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>production<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M5><mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle=italic>0.001</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo></mml:math>. Postincubation with GM-CSF did not yield any difference. In patients, preincubation with GM-CSF yielded an enhanced ex vivo TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M6><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-response when TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M7><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>levels were low. Patients with increased TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M8><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>concentrations did not show a GM-CSF stimulation effect. The GM-CSF preincubation yielded an increase of IL-8 production in patients and donors. Conclusions . This study demonstrates the immune-modulating properties of GM-CSF depending on the absence or presence of LPS or systemic TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M9><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>. The timing of GM-CSF administration may be relevant for the modulation of the immune system in sepsis. The lack of stimulation in patients with high TNF<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M10><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>may represent endotoxin tolerance." @default.
• W2774961326 created "2017-12-22" @default.
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• W2774961326 date "2017-01-01" @default.
• W2774961326 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2774961326 title "The Effects of Ex Vivo Administration of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Endotoxin on Cytokine Release of Whole Blood Are Determined by Priming Conditions" @default.
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• W2774961326 doi "https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9834512" @default.
• W2774961326 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5745690" @default.
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• W2774961326 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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