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• W2777397870 abstract "1.IntroductionCorruption is commonly and appropriately compared to cancer. Just as this terrible disease involves the existence of altered cells that attack their own biological system, so does public corruption involve the abuse of powers granted to agents of the state, to the detriment of the functioning of the political system. The more corruption spreads, the less a system can perform its regular functions, causing significant damage to the political, economic, and social life of the country. From this point on, however, corruption is better compared to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) in that they both highly increase the risk of suffering from other types of disorders. Indeed, the spread of public malfeasance has a significant impact on the declining of economic growth (higher levels of poverty), the corrosion of security forces (high criminality and terrorism) and the justice system (impunity), the exercise of civil rights (political alienation), and the functioning of regulatory agencies (pollution and health issues), among many other effects.However, unlike cancer or AIDS, which national governments and private organizations around the world have made significant efforts to eradicate over the past two decades, the fight against corruption has gained strong support from political actors only as far as discourse goes. This means that most local and international initiatives maintain different degrees of symbolic adoption and covert resistance. More than being strived for, anti-corruption reforms and a clean and open government are policy subjects most commonly fought by political leaders, in particular those already engaged in illegal activities. Thus, despite regular surges of popular unrest and demands, anti-corruption efforts fail where they are most needed, and corruption continues to be a sickness in most developing countries.The present study aims to discover the logic behind government actions with respect to the fight against corruption, first by discussing the actual value of anti-corruption efforts from the perspective of national leaders, then by conducting an empirical analysis of a specific government response to a scenario of popular anti-corruption demands-the adoption and implementation of the National Anti-Corruption Office (ONA, its acronym in Spanish) in Peru between 2007 and 2008.The rest of the paper is divided as follows: Section II reviews the literature on anti-corruption and challenges its capacity to properly estimate the value of this kind of policy for political leaders. It finds that political capital and potential corruption profits are crucial elements for empirical analysis. Section III analyzes the Peruvian experience in dealing with a series of corruption scandals in the second half of 2007, revealing how the emergence and immediate collapse of the National Anti-Corruption Office was a product of the government's handling of the crisis. Finally, section IV presents the conclusions of this paper.2.The Political Value of Anti-Corruption EffortsTraditionally, the literature on anti-corruption has been dominated by a normative approach based on the principal-agent model (common examples are Klitgaard 1988; Pope 1999; Kaufmann 1997; and RoseAckerman 1998). Simply put, this model sees corruption as a consequence of the limited information and actions available to leaders to control the behavior of public officials, thus resulting in abuses of the public trust. Whether the figure of a leader is embodied by the political elite (Doig 1995; Khan 2006; Aron 2007; Man 2009), civil society (Kisubi 1999; Brunetti and Weder 2003; Kpundeh 2005; Shelley 2005), or international organizations (Martin 1999; Marong 2002; Carr 2006; Wouters et al. 2012), the model invariably focuses on the best available strategies to reduce corruption through the adoption and implementation of public policies and other sociopolitical interventions.While the fight against public malfeasance undoubtedly requires the identification of potential actions to be adopted, the means to achieve the adoption of those actions have been left in the shadows. …" @default.
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• W2777397870 date "2017-07-01" @default.
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• W2777397870 title "Putting out the Fire of Anti-Corruption Demands: The Symbolic Adoption of a National Anti-Corruption Office in Peru, 2007-2008" @default.
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