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• W2777774519 abstract "Analyses of the effects of electoral systems on party competition mainly focus on countries or eras where contextual effects are not pronounced or remain essentially constant, and avoid settings where conditions are not conducive to political party formation, candidates and organizations are stifled, and elections are mired in boycotts and violence. We depart from the norm by examining elections in Sub-Saharan Africa, which occur in environments that regularly qualify as extreme, in search of generalizations that shed light on the robustness of existing empirical results. Our analysis relies on a new archive we compiled of returns from more than 3,600 district-level contests across 60 elections in 26 countries. These data suggest that district magnitude has a modest but significant effect on the effective number of political parties at the district level in Sub-Saharan Africa. The modal tendencies of the single-member district contests are consistent with Duverger’s Law, though there is considerable variation both within and across countries. At the same time, the distribution of party system outcomes across these contests is not radically different from those observed in established democracies. In fact, the cases from Sub-Saharan Africa parallel both the U.S. (sizeable share of non-competitive contests) and India (significant fragmentation). Backer & Kollman Electoral Laws Under Extreme Conditions: The Case of Africa" @default.
• W2777774519 created "2018-01-05" @default.
• W2777774519 creator A5010881463 @default.
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• W2777774519 date "2003-04-03" @default.
• W2777774519 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2777774519 title "Electoral Laws Under Extreme Conditions : The Case of Africa" @default.
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