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- W27779009 abstract "The detailed character of SP logs can hold invaluable information, in particular in old fields without modern logs. Unfortunately, the resolution of the SP is rather low, so that in laminated reservoirs, its direct use tends to overlook thin sands, in particular when they are saturated with hydrocarbons. On the other hand, the sand count for thick sands with inter-bedded shale laminations would be overestimated. In this article, a new fast and robust technique for more accurate sand thickness calculations is described, by inverting the SP log using neural networks and thus enhancing the resolution considerably. The first step of the method involves forward filter modelling in order to mimic SP responses in sand-shale sequences. The filters are based on theoretical considerations and adjusted to correspond to the standard SP correction charts. According to theory, the filters depend on the ratio of mud resistivity to formation resistivity. They are designed so that this ratio scales the characteristic length as well as the relative weight in each depth interval. These filters are applied to artificial wells with predefined sequences of shales and sands of varying thickness, shaliness and resistivity, typically seen in clastic reservoirs. Then an inverse filter process is created as an artificial neural network. One artificial well is used as a training set for the neural network brain which is able to window processing. The input is the actual normalised SP, the desired output the original PSP (pseudo-static SP). A brain was finally chosen which both revealed all characteristic features of the original PSP, but also was robust enough not creating spurious deflections in the test sets, including a real SP log. A comparison of the method with the result from a full FEM modelling was made using a literature example. In the last step, the actual sand/shale ratio is estimated, based on the inverted SP and the resistivity log. This further enhancement is in particular effective in hydrocarbon-saturated sands. The application of the method is demonstrated with a large field composed of stacked sandstone reservoirs." @default.
- W27779009 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W27779009 date "2002-01-01" @default.
- W27779009 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W27779009 title "Inverting SP Logs Using Artificial Neural Networks and the Application in Reservoir Characterisation" @default.
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- W27779009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1807-9_8" @default.
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