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- W2783017243 abstract "Nanocarriers are widely recognized as promising vehicles and delivery agents for functional materials such as drugs, cosmetics, and lubricants. Because of their high aspect ratio, they provide immense opportunities as high-performance and site-specific encapsulating and delivery agents. The self-assembled structures of amphiphiles, drawn from low-molecular- weight simple and polymeric amphiphiles, are well established as potential substrates for nanocarriers. Polymeric nanoparticles drawn from organic and inorganic species and the emulsion-phase structures also have been demonstrated as nanocarriers. In this chapter, a brief background on the different chemical architectures of low-molecular-weight surfactants, also known as simple surfactants, and the self-assembly process in solvents to form assembled structures such as micelles, vesicles, and inverted micelles is presented. The formation of aggregated structure is basically determined by hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) and the polarity of solvent. The fundamental aspects underlying the self-assembly process is governed by certain factors; for example, a packing parameter is described in detail. This is followed by a short introduction to polymeric amphiphiles of different architectures that give rise to graft, brushlike, random, and block copolymers and their advantages over simple amphiphiles, especially with respect to chemical diversity and stability. Self-aggregated structures, such as micelles and polymerosomes, which are almost similar to the structures of simple amphiphiles, with the exception of a covalent bond between the segments, are discussed. For this chapter, amino acid surfactants are chosen as nanocarriers. Amino acid surfactants are ecofriendly and can be synthesized by chemical and biochemical pathways. In view of their unique chemical architecture, they are amenable to facile chemical modifications, and give rise to surfactants with spectacular ranges of architectures. Here, the variations are afforded through a sidechain and the end carboxy and amino groups. The self-assembled structures of amino acid surfactants and the smart response to stimuli are detailed with examples drawn from different types of amino acids. The chemical architecture of amino acids surfactants plays a significant role in the self- aggregation process as demonstrated in lauryl esters of tyrosine (LET) and phenyl alanine (LEP) and their respective polymerizable derivatives. Several examples of polymeric amphiphiles consisting of amino acids segments in the mainchain as in block polymer or sidechain as in graft or comblike polymers and their applications are described in detail, especially as drug carriers and delivery agents. The use of emulsion-phase structures from amino acid surfactants as templates in the design of organic polymer, such as poly(styrene)-based hompolymer and copolymers, and the inorganic polymerlike silica are discussed. Some examples of amino acid amphiphiles presented in this chapter are glycine, lysine, aspartic acid, arginine, gluatamic acid, tyrosine and phenyl alanine. Here, the critical influence of the chemical architecture of amino acids and amino acid derivatives on the microstrucutres of polymeric nanoparticles is discussed." @default.
- W2783017243 created "2018-01-26" @default.
- W2783017243 creator A5019314371 @default.
- W2783017243 creator A5038631099 @default.
- W2783017243 creator A5060116325 @default.
- W2783017243 date "2016-09-19" @default.
- W2783017243 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2783017243 title "Nanocarriers of Functional Materials From Amino Acid Surfactants" @default.
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