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• W278314256 abstract "On boxing day, 26 December 2004, the largest earthquake for more than 4 decades, (magnitude 9.0) occurred between the Australian and Eurasian plates in the Indian Ocean (along the overly stressed Sunda trench) to the west o f Aceh Province (Northern Sumatra). The quake triggered a series o f waves that increased in height rapidly close to the shore (tsunami) spreading thousands o f kilometers across the Bay o f Bengal. In the Eastern and Southern coastal belt o f Sri Lanka, the floodwaters reached almost 1 km inland, causing extensive damage to infrastructure and fatalities o f unprecedented proportions. Widespread destruction included several kilometres o f rail tracks, dislocating the track elements from the remoulded surface soil. Near the beach town o f Hikkaduwa, the ferocity o f the waves was evident with the total destruction of tracks within 150 m from the shore, and overturning a crowded intercity train (over 1000 fatalities). In this paper, the relevant aspects imperative for the robust reconstruction o f dwelling and rail tracks on such devastated ground are elucidated, based on the field observations and soil tests conducted several weeks later at the site o f the train disaster. Visual examination and CPT tests indicated that the sandy topsoil was turbulently blended with transported marine sediments including organic fines. Under excessive hydraulic gradients, the geotechnical properties o f surface soils up to a meter or more have been significantly altered. At some locations near the surface, the void ratios have almost doubled once the waves receded and the soil re-deposited. Revised ballast grading and enhanced track conditions are considered, including the essential need for the formation soil stabilization. The use of geocomposites (i.e. bonded geogrid-geotextile layers) and associated benefits are described, with the aim o f achieving reduced track settlement, increased resilient modulus and decreased ballast degradation. The benefits o f increasing the confining pressure on track are also highlighted in relation to particle breakage." @default.
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• W278314256 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W278314256 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W278314256 title "Effects of tsunami on coastal ground conditions and appropriate measures for rail track rehabilitation" @default.
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