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- W2783415537 abstract "Infinite energy density do not exist in the reality, photon must have nonzero size despite of how small it is. Because its speed is c = 1/√µe photon as an EM energy packet it must be a small piece of EM field or wave. If it is not in a matter carrier, can it keep its volume not to diverge? Of course not! So when we say photon is an energy packet, in fact, we have to accept the understood that the EM packet is in certain extremely small matter carrier. Based on Maxwell theory and the principle of charges quantization, we prove for any v, there is a symmetrical EM-wave train it has the basic properties of photon: G= hv, p = h/λ, spin = h, integrity and duality. The train is composed of ∊-(energy)packet and ψ-(EM)wave. ∊-packet is a circular polarized E, H fields wrapped by a cylindrical lateral membrane with m 0 = 0 and ±e. The equilibrium among the helical distributed ±e, the circular polarized EM field inside and the stresses in the membrane construct a very steady structure to keep its integrity. In the mean time, the membrane is also an EM shielding to avoid the external EM influences. G-packet is proved having particle like property. It floats in the ψ-wave. ψ-wave decides the probability behavior of the G-packet(s). Such structure makes the train(s) act as both a wave and a particle all the time. So the train(s) is really a photon(s) or at least equivalent to a photon(s). The size of the photon is: radius R max = √3c/2πv and L/R max = √3π2e2. At last we show the existence of nhv-train with longer coherent length nL in the stimulated emission process. EM radiation itself is quantized." @default.
- W2783415537 created "2018-01-26" @default.
- W2783415537 creator A5025170818 @default.
- W2783415537 date "2017-05-01" @default.
- W2783415537 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2783415537 title "What mechanism makes EM radiation quantized. photon structure and size" @default.
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- W2783415537 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/piers.2017.8261849" @default.
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