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- W2783427344 abstract "Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) as a secondary form of pulmonary hypertension is unique in its potential for remedial intervention. CTEPH is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure >25 mm Hg in the setting of thrombotic pulmonary vascular obstruction [ [1] Kim N.H. Delcroix M. Jenkins D.P. Channick R. Dartevelle P. Jansa P. Lang I. Madani M.M. Ogino H. Pengo V. et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2013; 62 Google Scholar ]. The disease occurs after preceding massive or recurrent pulmonary embolism in the majority of patients but upwards of one-quarter of patients referred for surgical management have no document history of a prior acute venous thromboembolic event [ [2] Pepke-Zaba J. Delcroix M. Lang I. Mayer E. Jansa P. Ambroz D. Treacy C. D'Armini A.M. Morsolini M. Snijder R. et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (cteph): results from an international prospective registry. Circulation. 2011; 124: 1973-1981 Crossref PubMed Scopus (714) Google Scholar ]. In this review we will discuss the epidemiology and risk factors for the progression from acute to chronic pulmonary embolism, and the development of CTEPH (Table 1). Table 1Selected risk factors and univariate odds ratios for CTEPH. Risk factor Comparator OR (95% CI) Ref. VA shunt IPAH 19.49 (2.47–2520) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] Splenectomy IPAH 22.09 (2.97–2824) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] Massive/submassive PE IPAH 13.03 (p = .004) a Adjusted for age and sex. [ [18] Lang I.M. Simonneau G. Pepke-Zaba J.W. Mayer E. Ambrož D. Blanco I. Torbicki A. Mellemkjaer S. Yaici A. Delcroix M. Factors associated with diagnosis and operability of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. A case-control study. Thromb. Haemost. 2013; 110: 83-91 Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar ] VTE history IPAH 49.01 (p < .001) a Adjusted for age and sex. [ [18] Lang I.M. Simonneau G. Pepke-Zaba J.W. Mayer E. Ambrož D. Blanco I. Torbicki A. Mellemkjaer S. Yaici A. Delcroix M. Factors associated with diagnosis and operability of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. A case-control study. Thromb. Haemost. 2013; 110: 83-91 Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar ] Recurrent VTE IPAH 45.02 (21.00–114.73) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] Thyroid replacement IPAH 5.41 (2.70–12.23) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] Hypothyroidism Resolved PE 4.3 (1.4–13.0) [ [15] Klok F.A. Dzikowska-Diduch O. Kostrubiec M. Vliegen H.W. Pruszczyk P. Hasenfuß G. Huisman M.V. Konstantinides S. Lankeit M. Derivation of a clinical prediction score for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2016; 14: 121-128 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar ] Prior VTE IPAH 19.36 (11.66–33.79) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] APS/lupus AC IPAH 3.28 (1.58–7.50) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] Non-blood group O IPAH 3.12 (p < .001) a Adjusted for age and sex. [ [18] Lang I.M. Simonneau G. Pepke-Zaba J.W. Mayer E. Ambrož D. Blanco I. Torbicki A. Mellemkjaer S. Yaici A. Delcroix M. Factors associated with diagnosis and operability of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. A case-control study. Thromb. Haemost. 2013; 110: 83-91 Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar ] Malignancy IPAH 1.99 (1.01–4.26) [ [33] Bonderman D. Wilkens H. Wakounig S. Schäfers H.J. Jansa P. Lindner J. Simkova I. Martischnig A.M. Dudczak J. Sadushi R. Risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33: 325-331 Crossref PubMed Scopus (294) Google Scholar ] Unprovoked PE Resolved PE 20.0 (2.7–>100) [ [15] Klok F.A. Dzikowska-Diduch O. Kostrubiec M. Vliegen H.W. Pruszczyk P. Hasenfuß G. Huisman M.V. Konstantinides S. Lankeit M. Derivation of a clinical prediction score for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2016; 14: 121-128 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar ] RV dysfunction at diagnosis Resolved PE 4.1 (1.4–12.0) [ [15] Klok F.A. Dzikowska-Diduch O. Kostrubiec M. Vliegen H.W. Pruszczyk P. Hasenfuß G. Huisman M.V. Konstantinides S. Lankeit M. Derivation of a clinical prediction score for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2016; 14: 121-128 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar ] Symptoms >2 weeks prior to PE diagnosis Resolved PE 7.9 (3.3–19.0) [ [15] Klok F.A. Dzikowska-Diduch O. Kostrubiec M. Vliegen H.W. Pruszczyk P. Hasenfuß G. Huisman M.V. Konstantinides S. Lankeit M. Derivation of a clinical prediction score for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2016; 14: 121-128 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar ] Age >60 years Resolved PE 2.9 (1.2–7.2) [ [15] Klok F.A. Dzikowska-Diduch O. Kostrubiec M. Vliegen H.W. Pruszczyk P. Hasenfuß G. Huisman M.V. Konstantinides S. Lankeit M. Derivation of a clinical prediction score for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2016; 14: 121-128 Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar ] a Adjusted for age and sex. Open table in a new tab" @default.
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- W2783427344 title "Epidemiology and risk factors for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension" @default.
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- W2783427344 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2018.01.012" @default.
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