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• W2783503616 abstract "Introduction:The Emerging Field of Pseudotranslation Tom Toremans and Beatrijs Vanacker Generally defined as texts that are regarded as translations in the target culture although they lack a corresponding source text in any foreign culture (Gürçağlar, Pseudotranslation 516), pseudotranslations have a rich and as yet somewhat unre-covered history.1 The use of the term pseudotranslation in English dates back to an anonymous review of Walter Scott's novel St. Ronan's Well in the December 1823 issue of The Literary Gazette, which ends with a footnote referring to the curiosity of literature that a pseudo German translation of this Novel reached London before the original (818).2 The pseudotranslation in question was a novel entitled Walladmor, the first volume of which was published in Berlin by Friedrich August Herbig in 1823, with the remaining two volumes appearing in 1824. Advertised as a translation of the latest novel by Walter Scott, whose fame across Europe was at its climax at that point, it was soon revealed that the work was in fact a literary hoax and an original composition by a young writer named Willibald Alexis, the pseudonym of the historical novelist Wilhelm Heinrich Häring. The case is an interesting one in several respects. While one might suspect that its publication was primarily driven by commercial motivations-it was published just in time for the annual Leipzig book fair, which had no new Scott novel on offer yet-Walladmor simultaneously stands out as a literary experiment in its own right, weaving Scott's own metafictional play with authenticity and authorship into its plot. Moreover, the novel inspired a translational afterlife of its own when Thomas De Quincey decided to produce an English translation in 1825, under the title Walladmor: Freely Translated into German from the English of Sir Walter Scott, and Now Freely Translated from the German into English. Translations into Dutch, Polish, French, and Swedish would appear later.3 Walladmor is far from the oldest instance of pseudotranslation, and it illustrates only one of the many functions pseudotranslation may perform. Geoffrey of [End Page 629] Monmouth's twelfth-century Historia Regum Britanniae, presented as a Latin translation of a Welsh manuscript, provided the Anglo-Norman rulers with a fictional history of the Britons that reached all the way back to the Trojan War. In the eighth chapter of Cervantes's Don Quixote (1605/1615), the narrator indicates that the novel is in fact a translation from an Arabic manuscript by Cid Hamet Benengeli, which can be read both as a metafictional gesture and as a parody of the trope of the lost manuscript typical of the genre of the chivalric romance. Another famous example, Lettres Persanes (1721), alleged translations of letters by two Persian lodgers, allowed Montesquieu to avoid censorship. From the political to the metafictional and the critical, pseudotranslation serves many purposes and takes on a wide variety of forms.4 In the wake of Gideon Toury's remarks on pseudotranslation in the first excursus of his seminal Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond (1995), translation scholars initially considered pseudotranslations primarily as vehicles for cultural innovation. Describing pseudotranslation as a strategy offering a convenient and relatively safe way of breaking with sanctioned patterns and introducing novelties into a culture, Toury argued that [g]iven the fact that translations tend to be assigned secondary functions within a cultural (poly)system […], there can be no wonder that deviations occurring in texts assumed to have been translated often meet with greater tolerance, and for this very reason. (Descriptive Translation Studies 48-49) Moreover, as examples such as The Book of Mormon, Walpole's Castle of Otranto, and Karen Blixen's Gengældelsens Veje demonstrate, the decision to disguise a text as a translation always implies a deliberate act of subordination, namely to a culture which is considered prestigious, important, or dominant in some way (Descriptive Translation Studies 50). Toury's descriptive approach has been highly influential, in the first place because it put pseudotranslations on the map as proper objects of study allowing a privileged entry into what a society has become conscious of in how it conceives of translation (Descriptive Translation Studies 54). In the meantime, however..." @default.
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• W2783503616 date "2017-01-01" @default.
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• W2783503616 title "Introduction: The Emerging Field of Pseudotranslation" @default.
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• W2783503616 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/crc.2017.0050" @default.
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