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- W2785430381 abstract "P granules, RNA/protein assemblies in C. elegans embryos, have been proposed to form by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). LLPS is a spontaneous process that allows molecules to exchange passively between a high-concentration phase (in the granule) and a low-concentration phase (in the cytoplasm). To test this hypothesis, we developed methods to observe P granules ex vivo. Surprisingly, we found that P granules do not behave as simple liquids. Core components of P granules are resistant to dilution, high salt and EDTA, but dissolves in 1,6 hexanediol and SDS, consistent with a gel-like phase held by hydrophobic interactions. Remarkably, addition of ATP leads to very rapid P granule dissolution. In contrast, GTP and non-hydrolyzable ATP analogs have little effect. Manipulations that decrease ATP production in vivo also reduce P granule dynamics in embryos. These observations suggest that P granules are gel-like condensates that are kept dynamic in cells by ATP-consuming reactions. Consistent with this view, the intrinsically-disordered proteins that scaffold P granules form gel-like condensates in vitro. Formation of gel-like phases in RNA granules has been described as non-physiological and implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS and Huntington's disease. Our findings suggest that gel phases are natural components of RNA granules that are kept liquid-like by ATP-dependent enzymes." @default.
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- W2785430381 date "2018-02-01" @default.
- W2785430381 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W2785430381 title "RNA Granules: Liquids or Active Condensates?" @default.
- W2785430381 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.050" @default.
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