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• W2785702118 abstract "The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society’s Revelation: Its Grand Climax at Hand! is a substantial commentary of John’s Apocalypse (319 pages) with a remarkably wide distribution – more than 16.6 million copies of its various editions were in print by 1988. Yet because of the organization’s reclusive nature there is minimal dialogue with the academy and by all appearances no sustained analysis of this particular book by biblical scholars. This paper offers a commentary on a commentary, using Stanley Fish’s theory of interpretive communities as a way into this idiosyncratic study of the Apocalypse. Stanley Fish, Is There a Text in This Class? [1] Stanley Fish answers his well-known titular question – Is There a Text in This Class? – rather playfully in the opening words of his preface: “there is and there isn’t” (Fish: vii). There isn’t, he goes on to explain, if by text one understands an unchanging entity, one that is stable moment-tomoment. But there is a text if by the term one means the obvious “structure of meaning” that presents itself to an interpretive community guided by particular assumptions. Said differently, all readers are guided by protocols which invariably shape the expectations placed on the text being read. This understanding of text as something unstable and fluid, and the shift away from authorand text-centered interpretation towards an audience-centered theory of reading is particularly helpful when considering the unique ways religious presuppositions influence encounters with texts. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society is well-described as an interpretive community with a worldview and reading strategies that shape the way the Bible is experienced by members. (With respect to nomenclature, I am using the shorter “Watch Tower” when referring to the organization and “Jehovah’s Witnesses” when discussing its members. The term Watchtower is the title of one of the organization’s publications.) Reader-response criticism is a helpful methodology for approaching this literature and so a few more comments about Stanley Fish’s theory of reading will serve as a preface for this study of a Watch Tower publication. [2] Fish’s opening chapter proposes a new “method” that is at once simple and significant. It is the reader’s experience, he suggests, not the text itself, which is “the proper object of analysis” (21). As a method, the reader needs to ask what it is that individual words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, chapters, novels, plays, and poems do, not what the author intended (26-27). Risking censure by proponents of text-centered criticism who find in this approach “affective and intentional fallacies” (2; cf. 22-23, 27, 32, 344, 349), Fish questions the assumed stability of texts and substitutes “the 1 I am grateful to Wendy Peterson of Providence College for kindly reading an earlier draft of this paper and offering many helpful comments. 2 Fish challenges arguments made by W. K. Wimsatt and Monroe C. Beardsley in their well-known essay “The Intentional Fallacy” (reprinted in The Verbal Icon [1954]). They warn against an interpretive misstep they call the affective fallacy, “a confusion between the poem and its results (what it is and what it does) [. . .] It begins by trying to derive the" @default.
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• W2785702118 title "An outsider's notes on the Jehovah's Witnesses' Revelation: its grand climax at hand!" @default.
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