FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2786190651> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2786190651 abstract "Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universita¨tzu Berlin, Spandauer Strase 1, 10178 Berlin, GermanySummaryWhen predicting financial profits [1], relationship outcomes[2], longevity [3], or professional success [4], people habitu-ally underestimate the likelihood of future negative events(for review see [5]). This well-known bias, termed unrealisticoptimism [6], is observed across age [7], culture [8], andspecies [9]and hasasignificant societal impactondomainsranging from financial markets to health and well being.However, it is unknown how neuromodulatory systemsimpact on the generation of optimistically biased beliefs.Thisquestionassumesgreatimportanceinlightofevidencethat common neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depres-sion, are characterized by pessimism [10, 11]. Here, weshow that administration of a drug that enhances dopami-nergic function (dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; L-DOPA) in-creases an optimism bias. This effect is due to L-DOPAimpairing the ability to update belief in response to undesir-able information about the future. These findings providethe first evidence that the neuromodulator dopamine im-pacts on belief formation by reducing negative expectationsregarding the future.ResultsHumans are optimistically biased when making predictionsabout the future, habitually underestimating the likelihood ofnegativeevents[1–8].Thisbiasisrelatedtoastrikingasymme-try whereby people update their beliefs more in response toinformation that is better than expected compared to informa-tion that is worse than expected [12, 13]. Selective updating ismediated by regions of the frontal cortex that track errors inestimationwhenthesecallforpositiveupdatebutshowarela-tive failure to code for errors that might induce a negativeupdate [12].Anunresolvedquestioniswhetherneuromodulatorsassoci-ated with generating expectations of future outcomes influ-ence this process. A prominent candidate is the monoaminedopamine, a neuromodulator suggested to provide a teachingsignal that indexes when predictions fail to align with out-comes[14,15].InParkinson’sdisease,drugsenhancingdopa-minergic function (e.g., dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine; L-DOPA)influence learning of positive and negative outcomes in anasymmetric manner, enhancing the former and impairing thelatter[16].Dopamineeffectsonlearninghavebeenextensivelystudied in the context of model-free reinforcement learning[14–16]. However, it also impacts on domains as diverse asworking memory, episodic memory, and reversal learning[17, 18]. Given these set of findings [12, 16], we hypothesizethat enhancing dopamine function will influence how healthyindividuals incorporate information about probabilities offuturelife eventsin an asymmetricmanner, increasing anopti-mism bias.To test whether an optimism bias is modulated by dopa-mine, participants completed a belief update task [12] ontwoseparatedays,oneweekapart(Figure1),inadouble-blindplacebo-controlled pharmacological intervention study. Onone of the days, participants received placebo and on theother they received L-DOPA (150 mg), in a counterbalancedorder (n = 21). The task was identical on both days exceptfor the fact that different stimuli were used on each day (listswere counterbalanced). At each session, participants pro-vided estimates of their likelihood of experiencing 40 differenttypes of adverse life events (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease,robbery; see the List of Stimuli in the Supplemental Experi-mental Procedures available online) adapted from a previousstudy [12]. After each trial, they were presented with an actu-arial average probability of that event occurring to a personfrom the same sociocultural environment. We then assessedwhether participants used this information to update theirpredictions by subsequently asking them to again estimatetheir likelihoods for the same 40 events in a second session,taking place w15 min after the first session. They also com-pleted a memory test for the information presented and ratedall stimuli on different subjective scales (for a full description,see Supplemental Experimental Procedures).To test whether effects might be observed when manipu-lating another neuromodulator implicated in learning aboutreward and punishment, we administered the serotonergicreuptake inhibitor citalopram (24 mg in oral drops, equivalentto 30 mg in tablets) to a second group of participants (n =19). Serotonin neurotransmission is suggested to be involvedin aversive processing and inhibition ([19, 20], but see [21]).However, the nature of its role in learning is less establishedthan is the case for dopamine.Optimism Bias Grows with Increased Dopamine FunctionWe found that enhancing participants’ dopamine function in-creasedtheir predictionbiasin anoptimisticdirection. Specif-ically, for each participant on each trial, we subtracted theparticipant’s estimation of how likely they were to encounterthe negative event from the average probability of encoun-tering that event (i.e., estimation error = estimation 2 proba-bility presented). If the average estimation error was negative,then this indicated that participants tended to underestimate" @default.
• W2786190651 created "2018-02-23" @default.
• W2786190651 creator A5003004971 @default.
• W2786190651 creator A5004246636 @default.
• W2786190651 creator A5026197656 @default.
• W2786190651 creator A5026460545 @default.
• W2786190651 creator A5033074173 @default.
• W2786190651 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W2786190651 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2786190651 title "Report How Dopamine Enhances an Optimism Bias in Humans" @default.
• W2786190651 cites W1515543691 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W1972010893 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W1983398462 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2008663231 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2026795314 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2035474474 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2038703593 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2039909349 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2054184505 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2054730299 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2061350749 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2069868163 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2070972521 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2083058253 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2083254456 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2086110755 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2089940422 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2090299942 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2094090855 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2109059823 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2109738307 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2117726420 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2120183527 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2122946342 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2145046219 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2146338804 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2147335186 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2156423826 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2163072248 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2163647009 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2167693152 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W2171656628 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W3121529264 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W3126089036 @default.
• W2786190651 cites W36227095 @default.
• W2786190651 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
• W2786190651 type Work @default.
• W2786190651 sameAs 2786190651 @default.
• W2786190651 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W2786190651 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2786190651 hasAuthorship W2786190651A5003004971 @default.
• W2786190651 hasAuthorship W2786190651A5004246636 @default.
• W2786190651 hasAuthorship W2786190651A5026197656 @default.
• W2786190651 hasAuthorship W2786190651A5026460545 @default.
• W2786190651 hasAuthorship W2786190651A5033074173 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C111472728 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C118552586 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C169760540 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C204017024 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C2776294082 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C513476851 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C77805123 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConcept C9992130 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C111472728 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C118552586 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C138885662 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C15744967 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C169760540 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C204017024 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C2776294082 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C513476851 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C71924100 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C77805123 @default.
• W2786190651 hasConceptScore W2786190651C9992130 @default.
• W2786190651 hasLocation W27861906511 @default.
• W2786190651 hasOpenAccess W2786190651 @default.
• W2786190651 hasPrimaryLocation W27861906511 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W1562156347 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2030599099 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2037762445 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2071911351 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2073665562 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2105920916 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2286346629 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2734791225 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2737607160 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2766427389 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2790246480 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2795491779 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2972730724 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W2981277085 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W3021958261 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W3023096763 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W3102857562 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W3135379965 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W3193597485 @default.
• W2786190651 hasRelatedWork W771824193 @default.

• next