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• W2788851657 abstract "The effects of surface-mine drainage on the insect communities of leaf litter were studied in three first-order streams in Alabama. All three streams were similar in size, flow rate, and geology. However, one stream had an active surface mine just above the study site. Another stream drained a reclaimed surface mine, while the third stream, which was unaffected by mine drainage, was used as a control. Leaf litter processing rates and insect colonization were determined by placing 24 5-g alder {Alnus serrulata (Aiton)) leaf packs in the riffle areas of each study stream and retrieving them after 48 hours, one week, three weeks, and every four weeks thereafter. The leaves in the control stream had a processing rate (k = 0.0074) about twice as fast as the leaves in the stream draining the active surface-mine (k = 0.004). Leaf packs in the control stream had an abundant and diverse insect fauna whereas the leaf packs of the active surface mine stream had very low insect abundance and diversity. Most significantly, no shredders or collectors were found in the active mine stream. The stream draining the reclaimed mine was intermediate to the other two with respect to processing rate and abundance and diversity of insects in the leaf packs. The effects of surface-mine drainage on leaf litter processing rates and insect colonization were probably caused by low pH, high quantities of iron, magnesium, and sulfate, and large amounts of sediment trapped in the leaf packs. Surface-mine discharge can adversely affect both surface and groundwater re sources. This in turn can alter the quality of receiving waters and may produce severe environmental stress. These stress conditions often are the result of for mation of sulfuric acid by weathering of sulfuritic materials in exposed coal and spoil banks along with the release of high concentrations of magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, and manganese (Campbell and Lind, 1970; Dills and Rogers, 1974). When high concentrations of these chemicals are introduced into a stream, the effects can be detrimental to organisms living there (Roback and Richardson, 1969; Cairns and Dickson, 1971). If these organisms include some of those that are responsible for the breakdown of detritus, then processing rates of leaf litter could be slowed causing imbalances which may affect the functioning of the entire stream ecosystem. Terrestrial leaf litter input and its subsequent decomposition have been shown to be important ecosystem-level processes in streams having dense riparian veg etation (Kaushik and Hynes, 1971; Cummins, 1973; Cummins et al., 1973; An derson and Sedell, 1979; Short et al., 1980; Minshall et al, 1983, 1985; Webster and Benfield, 1986). Leaf litter processing involves both abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors include leaching, physical abrasion by sediments carried by the current, and the physical force of the current itself. Biotic factors include microbial action in the initial conditioning of leaves and subsequent breakdown of leaves by both microbial and macroinvertebrate shredders. Short et al. (1980), Wallace 1 Contribution number 193 from the Aquatic Biology Program, The University of Alabama. Accepted for publication 10 August 1992. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.86 on Wed, 20 Apr 2016 05:10:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 32 JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY et al. (1982), and others showed that macroinvertebrate shredders play an im portant role in processing leaf litter. Leaf litter processing rates have been cal culated for a variety of stream types from different geographical areas (Petersen and Cummins, 1974; Benfield et al., 1977; Barlocher et al., 1978; Short et al., 1980; Stout et al., 1985; Barnes et al., 1986; Cuffhey and Wallace, 1987; McArthur and Barnes, 1988; McArthur et al., 1988). Although there have been numerous studies on the effects of environmental perturbations on detritus processing (Wal lace et al., 1982; Cuffhey et al., 1984; Kimmel et al., 1985; Allard and Moreau, 1986; see also Webster and Benfield, 1986), no studies have specifically considered the effects of surface mine discharges on leaf litter processing dynamics and leaf pack insect communities (but see Carpenter et al., 1983; Gray and Ward, 1983; Burton et al., 1985; Mackay and Kersey, 1985; Mulholland et al., 1987). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of surface-mine drainage on both processing and insect community structure of leaf litter in head-water streams. This study should provide a better understanding of the effects of en vironmental perturbations on leaf litter insect communities and their role in ecosystem-level processes." @default.
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• W2788851657 title "Effects of surface-mine drainage on leaf litter insect communities and detritus processing in headwater streams." @default.
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