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• W2790203950 abstract "Introduction: Aesthetics is an important issue for dentists and their patients (1). Therefore the selection of artificial teeth (dimension, shape and colour) is an important concern in complete denture construction. (2-4). Many attempts have been made to establish methods as aids for artificial tooth selection (2, 5-9), but none of them being completely satisfactory. It had been documented that artificial teeth were frequently too narrow and too long (10) in dentures. Therefore, attempts have been made to establish methods for selection of appropriate size of maxillary anterior teeth. Many investigators studied the relationship between dimensions of various landmarks on a subject's face and a size of maxillary anterior teeth (8, 11-13) with an idea to compute the maxillary first incisor’s width or length if the strong correlation existed. Purpose of the study:To determine a possibility of reconstruction of maxillary incisor's dimensions using the dimensions of the hard palate. Materials & Methods: A total of 82 dentate students participated (Angle class I occlussal relationship, minimal tooth rotations or compressions were allowed). Irreversible hydrocolloid impressions of a maxillary jaw were made (Alginoplast fast set, Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and casts were poured in the hard stone (ISO Type I, Vel-Mix Stone, Kerr Italia S. p. A., Salerno, Italy). Measurements were made on the casts using a precise caliper (0.1 mm precision) (TMA MEBA, Zagreb, Croatia). The incisal height (IH) and the incisal width (IW), the contact (CtW) and the cervical width (CW) of the maxillary first incisors (MCI) were measured, as well as an interhamular distance (HD) (distance between the left and the right hamular notch) and a distance between a centre of an incisive papilla and foveola palatina (IP-FP). Statistical analysis was made by SPSS 12 for Windows. Results: The distribution of the data was normal (p>0.05) (tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Descriptive statistics (mean values, standard deviations) is presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2. There was no significant difference for any variable measured in this study between men and women (p>0.05) (independent t test). Significance of the difference between mean values of maxillary frontal teeth on the left and right side of the dental arch is tested by t test for dependent samples.There was no significant difference between the left and the right side maxillary first incisor’s widths (p>0.05). Maxillary first incisors on the left side were significantly higher than maxillary first incisors on the right side (p 0.05), mean values for maxillary first incisor were calculated (Table 1). The ratios (factors) were computed: HD/IW (5.71), HD/CtP (5.69), HD/CW (5.51) and IP-FP/IH (4.76) (Table 2). In Table 3 the dimensions of the hard palate were calculated by multiplying the measured tooth dimensions (Table 1) and computed ratios (Table 2). Than the descriptive statistics and significance of the difference between measured and calculated hard palate dimensions were tested by Student's paired t test (p>0.05). Maxillary first incisor’s height had been calculated by dividing the hard palate length by the calculated ratio (4.76, Table 2). Mean values and standard deviations for the calculated maxillary first incisor’s length are presented in Table 4. In older age groups gingival margin migrates apically and the incisor’s crown becomes longer. For this reason, except the use of the calculated factor 4.76, the factor 4.0 was also used (palate length divided by 4). Discussion:After the extraction of the all teeth, it is very difficult to reconstruct the exact position of maxillary frontal teeth, since the rate of alveolar bone resorption is individual in each subject. At the other hand, hamular notches, incisive papila and foveae palatinae have been considered to be reliable landmarks since they have not been submitted to resorptive changes after teeth extraction (14). Their position has been determined by anatomical structures. Therefore the interhamular distance and the distance between the incisive papilla and fovea palatina have been chosen as reference distances for determination of the teeth dimensions. The ratios calculated in this study seem to be relevant for a choice of maxillary first incisor’s width (Table 4). For the height of the maxillary central incisor, dividing palate length with the calculated ratio 4.76 would lead to the choice of too short incisors (9.41 mm, Table 4) because in older age groups gingival recession is present, as well as a resorption of residual alveolar ridges in edentulous patients (15). The artificial maxillary incisors should be longer than the length of natural teeth to compensate for alveolar ridge resorption. However, artificial denture gums should also not be visible. Therefore the calculated ratio was modified to a 4.0 factor. The incisor’s length calculated by dividing palate length by 4 would lead to 1.7 mm longer incisors than measured (11.19 mm, Table 4). However, artificial teeth have to be grinded during a set up procedure and therefore factor 4 seems to be more appropriate for determination of the first maxillary incisor’s height for removable denture population than the calculated ratio 4.76. Conclusion: It is possible to calculate the maxillary central incisor’s width and height by measuring the patient’s palate. Interhamular distance should be divided by 5.71 for the cervical width between interdental papilas, by 5.69 for the incisal width and by 5.5 for the contact-point width of a maxillary central incisor. To calculate the length of the maxillary central incisor, a distance between foveolae palatine and incisive papilla should be divided by 4." @default.
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• W2790203950 date "2005-08-27" @default.
• W2790203950 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2790203950 title "HARD PALATE DIMENSIONS AS A GUIDE FOR SELECTION OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH" @default.
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