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- W2790634137 abstract "In the following section, we provide a detailed description of the flower and its parts because it is relevant to the study of pollination (see Fig. 2.1 for floral parts). Flowers are structures, which consist of an array of parts (organs) borne on a central axis called the receptacle (Rudall 2007). The whole floral structure is suspended by the peduncle, a stalk that attaches the flower to the plant (Glimn-Lacy and Kaufman 2006). The flower might be supported by leaf-like structures called bracts, which are absent or present depending on plant species (Rudall 2007). The typical flower is composed of the internal sexual parts, namely organs, which are covered by sepals and petals (Abrol 2012). The floral perianth or the outer structure of the flower is composed of the sepals referred to as the first whorl or calyx and the petals, which comprises the second whorl or corolla (Rudall 2007). Sepals have a protective function during floral development, are green but can also attain color in some plant species (Glimn-Lacy and Kaufman 2006). Petals are colored parts that function as pollinator attractants via color, shape and pattern (Abrol 2012). The male component of the flower is called the stamen which bears the filament and anther. Anthers commonly bear two pollen sacs at the upper end (Glimn-Lacy and Kaufman 2006). Within the anthers, pollen is produced through the process of microsporogenesis. Among woody angiosperms, pollen is generated through meiosis and further maturation occurs in the anthers (Ramírez and Davenport 2010). Once pollen becomes mature the anthers dehisce or split open releasing pollen grains (Abrol 2012). The female part of the flower is called the carpel or pistil and is composed of the upper end, stigma, mid part, style and lower part ovary (Fig. 1.3 ). Pollen contacts the stigmatic surface during pollination, and then germinates through the style reaching the ovary, which contains the ovules (Glimn-Lacy and Kaufman 2006). The ovule contains the megaspores; one of these develops into an embryo sac containing an egg (Glimn-Lacy and Kaufman 2006)." @default.
- W2790634137 created "2018-03-29" @default.
- W2790634137 creator A5022784532 @default.
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- W2790634137 date "2018-01-01" @default.
- W2790634137 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2790634137 title "Cool, Warm Temperatures and Tree Pollination" @default.
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- W2790634137 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73969-4_2" @default.
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