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- W2790747485 endingPage "185" @default.
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- W2790747485 abstract "Geomagnetic storms are large-scale disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field due to orders of magnitude increases in trapped energetic ~ 10–300 keV particle fluxes in the magnetosphere. During geomagnetic storms, the horizontal component of the low-latitude magnetic fields is significantly depressed over a time span of one to a few hours from the diamagnetic effect from the enhanced ring current fluxes. This is known as the main phase of the storm, and is followed by the recovery phase where the particles are lost. This latter phase may extend over several days. The strength of magnetic storms is measured by the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index. Superintense magnetic storms (defined here as those with Dst < − 500 nT), although relatively rare in occurrence, have the largest societal and technological impacts. Such storms can cause life-threatening power outages, satellite damage, satellite communication failures, navigational problems, and loss of satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO). In this chapter, we shall first review the present knowledge about supermagnetic storms. Then, we discuss the superstorms that have occurred in the past, and consider the case history of the Carrington storm as a representative example. This will be followed by the consideration of supermagnetic storms of present (the space-age era). Next, we explore supermagnetic storms that can occur in the future with an emphasis on the maximum possible intensity of an event. The occurrence probability of superstorms having intensities equal to the Carrington storm or higher will be discussed. Finally, we discuss the status of nowcasting (~ 1 h) and short-time scale forecasting (~ a few hours to a few days) of supermagnetic storms." @default.
- W2790747485 created "2018-03-29" @default.
- W2790747485 creator A5037138414 @default.
- W2790747485 creator A5067053161 @default.
- W2790747485 date "2018-01-01" @default.
- W2790747485 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2790747485 title "Supergeomagnetic Storms: Past, Present, and Future" @default.
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