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- W2793444880 abstract "Macrophages are key participants in melanoma growth and survival. In general, macrophages can be classified as M1 or M2 activation phenotypes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that melanoma exosomes also facilitate tumor survival and metastasis. However, the role of melanoma exosomes in directly influencing macrophage function is poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the hypothesis that natural melanoma exosomes might directly influence macrophage polarization. To explore this hypothesis, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and macrophage functional studies were performed in vitro using an established source of melanoma exosomes (B16-F10). ELISA results for melanoma exosome induction of common M1 and M2 cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages, revealed that melanoma exosomes do not polarize macrophages exclusively in the M1 or M2 direction. Melanoma exosomes induced the M1 and M2 representative cytokines TNF-α and IL-10 respectively. Further assessment, using an RT-qPCR array with RAW 264.7 and primary macrophages, confirmed and extended the ELISA findings. Upregulation of markers common to both M1 and M2 polarization phenotypes included CCL22, IL-12B, IL-1β, IL-6, i-NOS, and TNF-α. The M2 cytokine TGF-β was upregulated in primary but not RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pro-tumor functions have been attributed to each of these markers. Macrophage functional assays demonstrated a trend toward increased i-NOS (M1) to arginase (M2) activity. Collectively, the results provide the first evidence that melanoma exosomes can induce a mixed M1 and M2 pro-tumor macrophage activation phenotype." @default.
- W2793444880 created "2018-03-29" @default.
- W2793444880 creator A5013040131 @default.
- W2793444880 creator A5057105893 @default.
- W2793444880 creator A5077404972 @default.
- W2793444880 date "2018-05-01" @default.
- W2793444880 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2793444880 title "Melanoma exosomes promote mixed M1 and M2 macrophage polarization." @default.
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- W2793444880 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.002" @default.
- W2793444880 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5857255" @default.
- W2793444880 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29459345" @default.
- W2793444880 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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