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- W279415747 abstract "ABSTRACT The 1986 space shuttle disaster serves as a prominent focal point highlighting the fundamental flaws of bureaucracy and its existing managerial biases. The gendered foundation or ethic of bureaucracy and management is exposed; male- and female-system administrative archetypes (and their corresponding pyramid and web structural archetypes) are articulated and contrasted. Implications for twenty-first century leadership and organizational development are discussed and ways of diagnosing--and alleviating--the Challenger syndrome are suggested to inspire commitment to new ways of leading and new forms of organizing. INTRODUCTION The 1986 Shuttle disaster ranks as one of the leading (if ignominious) administrative and organizational fiascoes of the Twentieth Century, thanks largely to the widely televised nature of the event.1 Next to the Kennedy assassination, it is perhaps unrivaled in its ability to evoke a precise flashbulb memory of where people were when they heard about it. Hundreds of millions of people around the world were connected live to the tragedy owing to the public relations hype around the so-called Teacher-in- Space program. Next to the first Apollo moonlanding in July 1969, this was the most intensely followed mission in NASA history. in the 11 years since, much has been written about the many different organizational origins of the disaster, including: technological failures (Bowser, 1987; Westrum, 1986); poor decisionmaking practices (Gouran, Hirokawa, and Martz, 1986); Rogers, 1986; Renz and Greg, 1988; Starbuck and Milliken, 1988); organizational culture (Schwartz, 1987); failure to assess risk adequately (Renz and Greg, 1988); improper organizational structure or organizational design (Vaughan, 1990, 1995); poor personnel selection procedures (Kovach and Render, 1987); and unethical decisionmaking (e.g., Boisjoly, 1991) to name but some representative explanations. Furthermore, what makes the tragedy perhaps even sadder from the standpoint of its organizational development implications, is that it resulted evidently from absolutely normal managerial and organizational behavior and that it was preventable. As this author has suggested elsewhere (Maier, 1992, 1994), the death of the seven astronauts can be laid directly at the feet of norms, dynamics, and processes which are not only endemic to hierarchical systems--what this author refers to as pyramids--but are also both problematic and gendered (Maier, Ferguson, and Shrivastava, 1992), that is, flow from a particularly masculine worldview and ethos. After recapitulating how bureaucratic structures and processes manifest a particularly masculine worldview, this author moves here to a focus on the broader question of the need for new paradigms of leadership and organization development to avert a repetition of Challenger-like episodes elsewhere. The death of the astronauts was a tragedy rooted in a long history and complex organizational context (Maier, 1994). Due to the complexity of the case and space constraints, the author will base his analysis here mainly on the final events in the fatal launch chronology, incorporating revelations regarding the case obtained from exclusive interviews with key insiders, a comprehensive analysis of the Presidential Commission testimony, and a content analysis of the Presidential Commission hearing video records. In the sections that follow, the author will review the major elements of the feminist lens he has employed in the past (e.g., Maier, Ferguson, and Shrivastava, 1992; Maier, 1997), then work from that perspective to open up a dialogue on an alternative to bureaucratic/pyramidal structures. The author maintains that the flawed decision to launch was the result of flawed leadership which in turn was largely the result of flawed organizational architecture. …" @default.
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- W279415747 date "1997-10-01" @default.
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- W279415747 title "Confronting the (F)laws of the Pyramid: Challenger's Legacy for Leadership and Organizational Development" @default.
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