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• W2794363432 startingPage "511" @default.
• W2794363432 abstract "Drug-induced liver injury is a serious clinical problem and a challenge for drug development. Although intracellular events including formation of reactive metabolites and oxidant stress are well-established causes of cell injury, immune mechanisms of liver injury are coming more into focus recently. Acute liver injury as observed after acetaminophen overdose leads to release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which triggers formation of cytokines and chemokines through activation of toll like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors causing the activation of innate immune cells including neutrophils, Kupffer cells, and monocytes. The general purpose of this innate immune response is to recruit phagocytes into the areas of necrosis to remove necrotic cells and prepare for regeneration of the lost tissue. However, an excessive innate immune response may cause additional cell death and exaggerate the original injury. The factors that trigger a proinjury versus a proregenerative innate immune response during drug-induced liver injury remain to be investigated. On the other hand, a prolonged subclinical stress caused by therapeutic doses of certain drugs can trigger activation of T and B lymphocytes and an adaptive immune-mediated liver injury in susceptible individuals. Although specific HLA alleles have been identified as risk factors for drug hepatotoxicity, there is still limited understanding of the mechanisms of adaptive immune cell activation, the development of immune tolerance and the mechanisms of cell death in patients. The chapter summarizes the current knowledge on innate and adaptive immune-mediated liver injury mechanisms in drug hepatotoxicity." @default.
• W2794363432 created "2018-03-29" @default.
• W2794363432 creator A5041570096 @default.
• W2794363432 creator A5087156903 @default.
• W2794363432 date "2018-01-01" @default.
• W2794363432 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2794363432 title "Immune Mechanisms in Drug-Induced Liver Injury" @default.
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