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• W2795285669 endingPage "e5332" @default.
• W2795285669 startingPage "e5332" @default.
• W2795285669 abstract "Invasive macroalgae pose a serious threat to coral reef biodiversity by monopolizing reef habitats, competing with native species, and directly overgrowing, and smothering reef corals. Several invasive macroalgae ( Eucheuma clade E, Kappaphycu s clade A and B, Gracilaria salicornia , and Acanthophora spicifera ) are established within Kāne‘ohe Bay (O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA), and reducing invasive macroalgae cover is a coral reef conservation and management priority. Invasive macroalgae control techniques, however, are limited and few successful large-scale applications exist. Therefore, a two-tiered invasive macroalgae control approach was designed, where first, divers manually remove invasive macroalgae ( Eucheuma and Kappaphycus ) aided by an underwater vacuum system (“The Super Sucker”). Second, hatchery-raised juvenile sea urchins ( Tripneustes gratilla ), were outplanted to graze and control invasive macroalgae regrowth. To test the effectiveness of this approach in a natural reef ecosystem, four discrete patch reefs with high invasive macroalgae cover (15–26%) were selected, and macroalgae removal plus urchin biocontrol (treatment reefs, n = 2), or no treatment (control reefs, n = 2), was applied at the patch reef-scale. In applying the invasive macroalgae treatment, the control effort manually removed ∼19,000 kg of invasive macroalgae and ∼99,000 juvenile sea urchins were outplanted across to two patch reefs, totaling ∼24,000 m 2 of reef area. Changes in benthic cover were monitored over 2 years (five sampling periods) before-and-after the treatment was applied. Over the study period, removal and biocontrol reduced invasive macroalgae cover by 85% at treatment reefs. Our results show manual removal in combination with hatchery raised urchin biocontrol to be an effective management approach in controlling invasive macroalgae at reef-wide spatial scales and temporal scales of months to years." @default.
• W2795285669 created "2018-04-06" @default.
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• W2795285669 date "2018-08-08" @default.
• W2795285669 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2795285669 title "Herbivore biocontrol and manual removal successfully reduce invasive macroalgae on coral reefs" @default.
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• W2795285669 doi "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5332" @default.
• W2795285669 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6087420" @default.
• W2795285669 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30123695" @default.
• W2795285669 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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