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- W2796639869 abstract "R‐loops ( RL s) are three‐stranded nucleic acid structures that contain a DNA : RNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand. Genomic regions with GC skew and a G‐rich transcript are particularly prone to form RL s. RL s play important physiological roles in cells; however, when present at abnormally high levels, they may threaten genome stability. The perfect GC skew of telomeric repeats and the discovery of telomeric repeat‐containing RNA ( TERRA ), a long noncoding transcript that consists of the G‐rich telomeric sequence, make telomeric sequences the perfect candidates for generating RL s. Indeed, in the past 5 years, telomere R‐loops ( TRL s) have been demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Trypanosoma brucei , and human cells. The presence of TRL s in normal human cells that transcribe low levels of TERRA , suggests a physiological role for these nucleic structures in telomere maintenance. Abnormally enhanced TERRA transcription, as found in several human pathological conditions, leads to high TRL levels and various cellular outcomes, depending on the recombinogenic capabilities of the cells. Study of TRL s in various organisms highlights the necessity for tight regulation of these structures, which can switch from beneficial to detrimental under different conditions. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on TRL s, describe several means by which TRL s are regulated, and discuss how findings from yeast are relevant to human pathological scenarios in which TRL s are deregulated." @default.
- W2796639869 created "2018-04-24" @default.
- W2796639869 creator A5026278508 @default.
- W2796639869 creator A5054260838 @default.
- W2796639869 date "2018-04-20" @default.
- W2796639869 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2796639869 title "DNA:RNA hybrids at telomeres – when it is better to be out of the (R) loop" @default.
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