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• W2797601268 abstract "We read with interest the article recently published by Ridderholm et al. [[1]Riddersholm S. Kragholm K. Mortensen R.N. Hansen S.M. Wissenberg M. Lippert F.K. et al.Organ support therapy in the intensive care unit and return to work in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors-a nationwide cohort study.Resuscitation. 2018; 125: 126-134Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar]. The authors studied 1087 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) 30-day survivors who were employed prior to their arrest. The aim was to investigate if there was an association between organ support therapy in the intensive care unit and return to work. The study revealed that more than half of OHCA patients treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) were able to return to work within two years after the arrest [[1]Riddersholm S. Kragholm K. Mortensen R.N. Hansen S.M. Wissenberg M. Lippert F.K. et al.Organ support therapy in the intensive care unit and return to work in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors-a nationwide cohort study.Resuscitation. 2018; 125: 126-134Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar]. The results are important, since acute kidney injury (AKI) affects approximately half of initial cardiac arrest (CA) survivors, and around 16% experiences the most severe form with need of RRT [[2]Sandroni C. Dell'anna A.M. Tujjar O. Geri G. Cariou A. Taccone F.S. Acute kidney injury after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.Minerva Anestesiol. 2016; 82: 989-999PubMed Google Scholar]. Presence of post-arrest AKI is associated with unfavourable outcome, and the chance of survival is reduced proportional to the severity of AKI disease [[2]Sandroni C. Dell'anna A.M. Tujjar O. Geri G. Cariou A. Taccone F.S. Acute kidney injury after cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.Minerva Anestesiol. 2016; 82: 989-999PubMed Google Scholar]. Despite this, one study showed that OHCA patients treated with RRT had a relatively good prognosis, as 50% were alive after six months, with 89% having good neurological outcome [[3]Beitland S. Nakstad E.R. Staer-Jensen H. Draegni T. Andersen G.Ø. Jacobsen D. et al.Impact of acute kidney injury on patient outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational study.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016; 60: 1170-1181Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar]. Although there are few clinical studies on AKI after CA, we know that AKI often is associated with hypervolaemia, hyperkalaemia and acidosis, and tight control of these factors may be important in the initial phase after CA. Delayed awakening from coma may be expected in post-arrest AKI due to reduced renal clearance of analgesics and sedatives, and development of uremic encephalopathy. Withholding and withdrawing RRT are other important issues among initial CA survivors, one study showed that RRT was withheld in 40% of patients with severe AKI [[3]Beitland S. Nakstad E.R. Staer-Jensen H. Draegni T. Andersen G.Ø. Jacobsen D. et al.Impact of acute kidney injury on patient outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational study.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016; 60: 1170-1181Crossref PubMed Scopus (23) Google Scholar], and we know that in the western world approximately half of deaths are associated with withdrawal of active treatment. Recent AKI treatment guidelines suggest modifications of RRT technique in specific clinical situations [[4]Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 2: 1-138Google Scholar], some alterations in practice may be relevant for post-resuscitation care. According to these guidelines, continuous RRT modes are preferred in patients with hemodynamic instability, acute brain injury, increased intracranial pressure or generalized brain oedema [[4]Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 2: 1-138Google Scholar]. Furthermore, regional anticoagulation of the RRT circuit is recommended in patients with increased risk of bleeding [[4]Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury.Kidney Int Suppl. 2013; 2: 1-138Google Scholar]. These recommendations are especially important to follow in post-arrest AKI, to ensure haemodynamic stability, avoid rapid shifts in fluid balance and serum osmolality, and avoid unnecessary bleeding. In conclusion, we know that development of AKI and treatment with RRT is common after CA. Post-arrest patients treated with RRT have a relatively good long-time outcome; Ridderholm et al. showed that many were able to return to work [[1]Riddersholm S. Kragholm K. Mortensen R.N. Hansen S.M. Wissenberg M. Lippert F.K. et al.Organ support therapy in the intensive care unit and return to work in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors-a nationwide cohort study.Resuscitation. 2018; 125: 126-134Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar]. In these patients, we need treatment recommendations for AKI addressing topics like delayed awakening from coma, and handling of hypervolaemia, hyperkalaemia and acidosis. We also need guidelines for RRT with focus on indications, technical adjustments, withholding and withdrawing therapy. We hope that these issues are considered and included in future European guidelines for post-resuscitation care [[5]Nolan J.P. Soar J. Cariou A. Cronberg T. Moulaert V.R. Deakin C.D. et al.European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines for Post-resuscitation Care 2015: section 5 of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015.Resuscitation. 2015; 95: 202-222Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (593) Google Scholar]. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the topic." @default.
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• W2797601268 title "Guidelines for post-resuscitation care should include management of acute kidney injury and use of renal replacement therapy" @default.
• W2797601268 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.02.013" @default.
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