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• W2797694868 abstract "Biofilms are loosely defined as aggregates of bacteria encased in a self-produced matrix (1⇓–3). Many bacterial species are known to produce biofilms when they attach to surfaces. They are commonly found in the natural environment, industrial settings, and the clinic where they can be either beneficial or problematic depending upon the context (4⇓–6). The last two decades have seen a rapid rise in the study of biofilms. Two key questions that have occupied researchers in the field are ( i ) how do bacteria sense a surface? and ( ii ) what are the important developmental steps involved in building a biofilm community? In PNAS, Lee et al. (7) describe the contribution of a surface-sensing mechanism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to its behavior during early stages of biofilm development. This study provides novel insight regarding how these two questions are linked.In the laboratory, biofilm formation by flagellated, rod-shaped bacterial species has been shown to involve multiple steps in a flowing, aqueous environment (1, 2). Newly adherent cells are loosely associated with a surface, readily able to detach. This is called the reversible attachment stage and is often characterized by polarly attached cells (8, 9). Given time, some individual cells then enter the irreversible attachment stage where the cells lay flat against the surface and resist attempts to physically dislodge them (8, 9). Following irreversible attachment, cells multiply and start producing biofilm matrix components, forming small aggregates of bacteria called microcolonies. Eventually they develop into large cellular aggregates encased by a matrix. For many Gram-negative species, a key intracellular signaling molecule involved in this process is called cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). In the biofilm state, cells tend to exhibit high c-di-GMP, which promotes production of biofilm matrix and represses flagellar-mediated swimming motility (10). Thus, the bacterium sensing … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: parsem{at}u.washington.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
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• W2797694868 date "2018-04-09" @default.
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• W2797694868 title "New insight into the early stages of biofilm formation" @default.
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• W2797694868 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804084115" @default.
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