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• W2797785003 abstract "Contrary to established wisdom, selection in the long run rarely favours parasites that maximise their epidemiological basic reproduction ratio, R0. R0 maximisation only occurs in models with simple forms of environmental feedback. In realistic host–parasite interactions, ecological processes will commonly preclude R0 maximisation. The dimension of the environmental feedback loop here emerges as a unifying concept. A widespread tenet is that evolution of pathogens maximises their basic reproduction ratio, R0. The breakdown of this principle is typically discussed as exception. Here, we argue that a radically different stance is needed, based on evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) arguments that take account of the ‘dimension of the environmental feedback loop’. The R0 maximisation paradigm requires this feedback loop to be one-dimensional, which notably excludes pathogen diversification. By contrast, almost all realistic ecological ingredients of host–pathogen interactions (density-dependent mortality, multiple infections, limited cross-immunity, multiple transmission routes, host heterogeneity, and spatial structure) will lead to multidimensional feedbacks. A widespread tenet is that evolution of pathogens maximises their basic reproduction ratio, R0. The breakdown of this principle is typically discussed as exception. Here, we argue that a radically different stance is needed, based on evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) arguments that take account of the ‘dimension of the environmental feedback loop’. The R0 maximisation paradigm requires this feedback loop to be one-dimensional, which notably excludes pathogen diversification. By contrast, almost all realistic ecological ingredients of host–pathogen interactions (density-dependent mortality, multiple infections, limited cross-immunity, multiple transmission routes, host heterogeneity, and spatial structure) will lead to multidimensional feedbacks. a strategy that, if sufficiently common, creates an environment in which no alternative strategy can invade. per-capita growth rate of a rare mutant strain in the environment created by the resident population. This can be written as a function of the traits and of the environment, ρ(Y|Eˆ), or as a function of the mutant and resident traits, s(Y|X). any function of the traits and the environment that has the same sign as invasion fitness and, therefore, provides the same information about long-term evolution. a property of the traits (and possibly the environment) that enters into the calculation of, but is not on its own sufficient to compute, a fitness proxy. a function ψ(X) of the traits such that, for any constraint on the traits, the ESSs can be calculated by maximising this function (for instance, R0 in the classical SIR model). a function ϕ(E) of the environment that is minimised at an ESS, for any constraint on the traits (for instance, the density of susceptibles in the classical SIR model). the term dimension of the feedback loop refers to the number of environmental variables (such as the density of susceptible hosts) that are controlled by the population dynamics of the pathogen and influence ℛ in different manners. However, for ESS calculations, only the sign of ℛ–1 matters. The term ‘effective dimension’ refers to the number of variables that independently influence this sign. In simple models, the effective dimension and the dimension are often equal, but in structured models, exceptions where the effective dimension is lower are commonplace." @default.
• W2797785003 created "2018-04-24" @default.
• W2797785003 creator A5005514824 @default.
• W2797785003 creator A5088901577 @default.
• W2797785003 date "2018-06-01" @default.
• W2797785003 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2797785003 title "Beyond R0 Maximisation: On Pathogen Evolution and Environmental Dimensions" @default.
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• W2797785003 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2018.02.004" @default.
• W2797785003 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29665966" @default.
• W2797785003 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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