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- W2798995738 abstract "The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of receptors and consist of a group of regulatory molecules that are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of T cells. KIR genes are arranged in a “head-to-tail” cluster on human chromosome 19q13.4 within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) (Fig. 1). To date, 16KIR genes have been identified, of which two are pseudogenes. KIR2DL and KIR3DL genes with long cytoplasmic tails are inhibitory by virtue of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) present in their cytoplasmic domains, whereas the short-tailedKIR2DS andKIR3DS encode activating receptors. Short-tailed KIRs transmit activating signals through their interaction with the adapter molecule DAP-12 (DNAX activation protein of 12 kDa.), which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). There is substantial KIR gene content and allelic variation observed in humans. Two basic groups of KIR haplotypes termed A and B have been described (Fig. 1). Haplotype A is uniform in terms of gene content and is composed of nine genes that encode predominantly inhibitory receptors. The B haplotypes on the other hand are a diverse group that contain variable numbers of activating and inhibitory receptors. Diversity of the B haplotypes appears to be a function of unequal crossing-over, and the number of genes present on B haplotypes ranges from 4 to 17. Multiple alleles exist for each KIR gene, which can result in differences in expression level or functional capacity of a given gene. The likelihood that unrelated individuals share identical KIR haplotypes is exceedingly low. Another notable feature of the KIR locus is that expression of KIR genes is variegated on NK cells and clonally restricted." @default.
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- W2798995738 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W2798995738 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2798995738 title "KIR Locus Variation" @default.
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