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- W2799238911 abstract "Breast cells are programmed to respond to certain ▶ hormones as signals for growth and multiplication. The most prominent examples for these hormones are ▶ estrogenic hormones and progesterone. Many ▶ breast cancer cells retain hormone receptors, to which hormones can bind and execute their activities. The hormone receptors therefore make the cancerous cells responsive to these particular hormones. Most of the estrogen in women’s bodies is made by the ovaries. Estrogen makes hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers grow. Reducing the amount of estrogen or blocking its action can reduce the risk of earlystage hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers coming back (recurring) after surgery. Hormonal therapy medicines can also be used to help shrink or slow the growth of advanced-stage or metastatic hormonereceptor-positive breast cancers. Hormonal therapy medicines are not effective against hormone-receptornegative breast cancers. The term “antiestrogen resistance” indicates the recurrence of breast cancer in patients with ▶ estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer, and these patients should have received treatments called “selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).” SERMs inhibit estrogen signaling, which is the primary mitogenic factor for ER alpha-positive breast cancer. ▶Tamoxifen (commercial name Nolvadex), which prevents estrogen from binding to ER alpha, and aromatase inhibitors (▶Aromatase and its Inhibitors) such as letrozole and anastrozole, which prevent estrogen biosynthesis, are commonly used SERMs in the clinic. Aberrant ER alpha signaling and growth factor receptormediated estrogen-independent growth are suggested mechanisms of antiestrogen resistance. Various strategies to re-sensitize resistant cancers to antiestrogens using growth factor receptor antagonists are being developed to treat antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer." @default.
- W2799238911 created "2018-05-07" @default.
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- W2799238911 date "2012-02-03" @default.
- W2799238911 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2799238911 title "Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance" @default.
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- W2799238911 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_178332" @default.
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