FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2799752014> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2799752014 endingPage "193" @default.
• W2799752014 startingPage "173" @default.
• W2799752014 abstract "“Separated from us as far as West is from East”: Eighteenth-Century Ashkenazi Immigrants in the Atlantic World Toni Pitock (bio) In 1758, Barnard Gratz wrote a letter to his London-based cousin Solomon Henry to discuss his brother’s prospects. Gratz had just learned that his younger brother Michael was en route from the East Indies, where he had been a clerk or a servant to a merchant, to London. He proposed that Michael join him in Philadelphia where he could “keep a shop here in the Country,” Gratz wrote, “or else [live] here at Mr David Franks’s in my place where he would have as good a man for his Master as Possible . . . & learn the business of this country by staying with him 2 or 3 years for wages in his store.”1 Barnard had arrived only four years earlier, at the age of seventeen. He had the good fortune to find employment as a clerk in Franks’s counting house where he had learned vital skills. Now that Gratz was preparing to leave his employ, Franks and his London-based brother Moses, also a prominent and wealthy merchant, promised to invest in a joint venture with Barnard. The letter betrayed some of Gratz’s concerns. “I should be glad to know [Michael’s] reason for returning,” he wrote. He worried that Michael’s decision to abandon the East Indies suggested some sort of failure on his part, a lack of aptitude for the complex world of commerce perhaps. If that was the case, Michael could become a burden to Gratz. If Michael demonstrated “Honesty, Industry, Good nature & no pride,” Barnard would assist him “with anything in my power . . . as far as I am able & that is not a Great deal as I am Butt a poor f[e]llow my self.” Admitting that his finances were still precarious posed a different problem for Barnard. His cousin Solomon Henry and at least one other London colleague had provided him with goods on credit, and he still owed them money. He did not want his cousin, who was also his business associate, to doubt his reliability or honesty, and he promised to remit payment soon. The letter sheds light on the circumstances that early Ashkenazim in the Atlantic world faced, their efforts to break into the vibrant yet [End Page 173] risky commercial milieu, the networks they developed, and the complex dynamics that regulated them. Over the past few decades, scholars have been investigating Jews’ participation in the Atlantic world of trade and the ways in which their networks wove together families, commercial houses, colonies, and empires. The focus, however, has been on Sephardim.2 While the early Ashkenazi presence in colonial America is well documented, scholarship looks at their arrival as the beginning of American Jewish history—the prelude to a much more substantial wave of Ashkenazi immigration in the nineteenth century. Studies highlight the ways they adapted to a new environment, established Jewish communities, and transformed their faith in the process.3 But they do not place them in context of the Jewish Atlantic world. Ashkenazim began migrating to England and Holland toward the end of the seventeenth century and trickled into the American colonies. Like Sephardim, Ashkenazim created webs of connections that facilitated the flow of people, information, and trade [End Page 174] goods. Only a few prominent eighteenth-century Ashkenazi merchants were able to break into maritime trade, but they, in concert with newly arriving Ashkenazim oriented themselves toward the hinterlands and continental trade. During the early decades of the eighteenth century, a few Ashkenazi merchants flourished through the construction of kinship and ethnic networks that tied together multiple Atlantic world ports. A sense of obligation prompted them to give newcomers their first opportunities—family members, friends, and strangers who were drawn by news of others’ success—and set them on the road to success. But the benefits were mutual: newcomers performed vital tasks in merchants’ businesses and carried their merchandize into the hinterlands. This collaboration enabled established merchants to extend their enterprises beyond port cities and beyond the sphere of maritime trade networks and it enabled established families and newcomers to adapt to..." @default.
• W2799752014 created "2018-05-17" @default.
• W2799752014 creator A5042115194 @default.
• W2799752014 date "2018-01-01" @default.
• W2799752014 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2799752014 title "“Separated from us as far as West is from East”: Eighteenth-Century Ashkenazi Immigrants in the Atlantic World" @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1169986259 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1493434764 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1539021781 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1559421447 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1980464073 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1981308608 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W1985592033 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2002911818 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2017508330 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2023958157 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2028912832 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2029216502 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2037831458 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2081813563 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2083350612 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2244045030 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2314783706 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2320122499 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2322036878 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2327241470 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2328923036 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2331818683 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2495811052 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2614866469 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2617693489 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2617752731 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2619632805 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W2796725940 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W3193997356 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W3201745953 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W579931947 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W587711622 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W620493550 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W632134906 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W635521399 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W641678907 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W644394236 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W653735387 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W659250909 @default.
• W2799752014 cites W68758641 @default.
• W2799752014 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/ajh.2018.0016" @default.
• W2799752014 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
• W2799752014 type Work @default.
• W2799752014 sameAs 2799752014 @default.
• W2799752014 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W2799752014 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2799752014 hasAuthorship W2799752014A5042115194 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C199360897 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C2777219063 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C2780430339 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C41008148 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C53553401 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C70036468 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C74916050 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConcept C95457728 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C144024400 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C17744445 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C199360897 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C199539241 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C2777219063 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C2780430339 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C41008148 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C53553401 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C70036468 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C74916050 @default.
• W2799752014 hasConceptScore W2799752014C95457728 @default.
• W2799752014 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W2799752014 hasLocation W27997520141 @default.
• W2799752014 hasOpenAccess W2799752014 @default.
• W2799752014 hasPrimaryLocation W27997520141 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W2361667857 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W2497725479 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W2505271752 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W2754785266 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W2808319041 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W4239317465 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W4242430034 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W4247879940 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W4248322928 @default.
• W2799752014 hasRelatedWork W3125844493 @default.
• W2799752014 hasVolume "102" @default.
• W2799752014 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2799752014 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2799752014 magId "2799752014" @default.
• W2799752014 workType "article" @default.