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- W2799762019 abstract "Indonesia's response to the 2016 UNCLOS tribunal ruling was underwhelming, even as a nonclaimant in the South China Sea disputes. Given its maritime geography and interests, the response is symptomatic of the country's underdevelopment of an “archipelagic foreign policy”—one where the entire foreign policy system, from its bureaucracy, doctrine, and strategy, should be geared to secure and defend its external maritime interests. This article further argues that the authoritarian New Order regime (1966–1998) repressed the development of an archipelagic foreign policy in two ways: (1) the army-dominated foreign policy establishment deprioritized external maritime interests and (2) the infusion of the National Resilience (Ketahanan Nasional) concept into the “Archipelagic Outlook” (Wawasan Nusantara) doctrine as a regime maintenance tool further “domesticated” what could have been a geopolitical outlook. These authoritarian legacies put Indonesia's foreign policy on a path-dependent trajectory that even President Joko Widodo's Global Maritime Fulcrum could not break. 对于2016年仲裁庭引用《联合国海洋法》做出的南海仲裁, 印度尼西亚的回应平淡无奇, 甚至在南海争端中, 印尼没有提出任何主张。基于其海洋地理位置和利益, 这一回应反映了该国“群岛外交政策”的不成熟。整个外交政策体系 — 官僚制度、理论和战略 — 应该旨在确保和捍卫其外部海洋利益。本文进一步论证了专制的“新秩序政权”(1966-1998)从两方面抑制了“群岛外交政策”的发展:(1)制定以军队主导的外交政策忽视了其外部海洋利益;(2)在“群岛前景”(Wawasan Nusantara)理论中引入“国家弹性”(Ketahanan Nasional)的概念作为政权维持工具, 进一步引进了“地缘政治前景”的概念。这些专制遗产使得印尼的外交政策走上了一条路径依赖的轨道, 就连佐科·维多多总统提出的“全球海洋支点”战略也无法打破。 La respuesta de Indonesia al fallo del tribunal de la CDM de 2016 fue decepcionante, inclusive como no reclamante de las disputas del Mar del Sur de China. Dados sus intereses y geografía marina, la respuesta es síntoma del bajo desarrollo de una 'política exterior de archipiélago' en el país– una donde el sistema de políticas exteriores completo—desde su burocracia, doctrina y estrategia– debería estar dirigido a asegurar y defender sus intereses marítimos. Este artículo adicionalmente argumenta que el régimen del Nuevo Orden autoritario (1966-1998) reprimió el desarrollo de una política exterior de archipiélago de dos maneras: (1) el establecimiento político dominado por el ejército le quitó prioridad a los intereses marítimos externos, y (2) la infusión del concepto de la resiliencia nacional (Katahanan Nasional) dentro de la doctrina de “perspectiva de archipiélago” (Wawasan Nusantara) como una herramienta para mantener el régimen “domesticó” adicionalmente lo que podría ser una perspectiva geopolítica. Estos legados autoritarios ponen a la política exterior de Indonesia en una trayectoria dependiente del recorrido que inclusive el fulcro marítimo del presidente Joko Widodo no podría romper." @default.
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- W2799762019 date "2018-04-01" @default.
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- W2799762019 title "Abandoned at Sea: The Tribunal Ruling and Indonesia's Missing Archipelagic Foreign Policy" @default.
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- W2799762019 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12393" @default.
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