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• W2799851818 abstract "The Myotatic Reflex (MR) and Reciprocal Inhibition (RI) are well documented phenomena. They fit well into the framework of negative feedback control of muscle length and complementary control of movement by opposite groups of muscles. Reciprocal excitation (RE) has been reported intermittently and controversially, only in patients with spasticity of various forms. While using quantitative measures of the MR, we recorded clear and consistent electrical evidence of RE in normal subjects. Our experiments show that the standard textbook model of the MR is in fact incomplete. In this paper we present experimental evidence confirming the presence of RE as a spinal reflex, in normal subjects. Three methods were used to elicit the MR of the quadriceps muscle: the patellar tendon tap, rapid mechanical flexion at the knee, electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve. The electrical response from the agonist and antagonist muscles were recorded simultaneously using surface EMG. Following the stretch of the quadriceps, the reflex excitation from the quadriceps and a smaller excitation from the hamstrings was recorded. Mechanical artefacts and cross-pickup from neighbouring muscles were excluded. Data from 28 normal subjects was processed and analysed with custom programs in Python. The mechanical stretch stimulus was the flexion at the knee lasting roughly 100 ms making it difficult to identify a single time-point of stretch stimulus. On electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle it was difficult to separate the reflex wave from the stimulation artefact as most subjects required strong stimulus. Excitation of the heteronymous group of muscles as a component of the MR in normal subjects has been clearly observed in our experiments. Though this excitation is around 10% of the primary reflex excitation, its latency and reproducibility confirm its physiological origin as a spinal reflex. The patellar tendon tap latency(ms) and amplitude(mV) ranges averaged over 25 trials for each of the 28 subjects, seen distinct from background noise are, respectively: Rectusfemoris = 15–22, 0.0473–2.1503; Bicepsfemoris = 17–33, 0.0076–0.3462, Semitendinosus = 17–33, 0.003–0.2015. The recordings with mechanical stretch and electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve confirm distinct RE in the hamstrings. There are a few reports of RE in spasticity. We have demonstrated its presence in normal subjects. The coexcitation of the antagonist at the same time as the agonist may play an important role in providing stability around a joint to prevent injuries when there is rapid stretch of the agonist. Our data suggests that further studies are required to understand its neuronal pathway, relevance and potential clinical use in normal subjects and pathology." @default.
• W2799851818 created "2018-05-17" @default.
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• W2799851818 date "2018-05-01" @default.
• W2799851818 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2799851818 title "F189. Reciprocal excitation: A hidden component of the myotatic stretch reflex" @default.
• W2799851818 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.352" @default.
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