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• W2800855857 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 10First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG4 Causing Stem Necrosis in Sesame in Southwest Texas PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG4 Causing Stem Necrosis in Sesame in Southwest TexasK. A. Cochran, A. C. Tolbert, and T. N. SpurlockK. A. Cochran†Corresponding author: K. A. Cochran; E-mail: E-mail Address: kimberly.cochran@ag.tamu.eduhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-2494Search for more papers by this author, A. C. TolbertSearch for more papers by this author, and T. N. SpurlockSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations K. A. Cochran † , Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension Service, AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801 A. C. Tolbert T. N. Spurlock , Department of Plant Pathology, Southeast Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service, Monticello, AR 71656. Published Online:8 Aug 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0350-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat In October 2015, root rot and stalk rot symptoms were noted on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in an irrigated commercial production field in Uvalde County, TX (29.403694, –99.615028). Stems had dark brown lesions just above the soil line, and plants with advanced symptoms exhibited necrosis progressing up the stem. Stunting, late season lodging, and reduced yield were associated with areas of disease in approximately 5% of the ≈45-ha field. Fungal isolations from surface disinfested symptomatic tissue onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) consistently produced tan colonies with sclerotia. Mycelia consisted of right angle branched hyphae with a main branch hyphal width of 67 µm (SD ± 12.4) and a secondary branch width of 64 µm (SD ± 10.4) (n = 60). Septations were found 100 µm (SD ± 31.0) from the main branch with 61 µm (SD ± 13.5) (n = 60) constrictions at the base of the branches consistent with the morphological description of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Parmeter 1970). The DNA from the four isolates was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer and rDNA 5.8s regions were amplified through polymerase chain reactions using ITS4/ITS5 primer pairs. The BLAST analysis of the 606-bp consensus sequence from recovered isolates (MG813254) had a 99% sequence identity to R. solani AG4, HGI isolates from China (HG934418), Israel (JN254788), and Brazil (KF746162). Anastomosis reactions were completed for four arbitrarily selected isolates using a clean slide technique (Kronland and Stanghellini 1988). Isolates were paired with an isolate of known identity, which had morphological averages similar to the isolated Rhizoctonia isolates, UA AG4PATH, previously identified as R. solani AG4. The DNA from the tester of known identity used in the anastomosis reactions was extracted and amplified in the same manner as the field isolates, and the BLASTn analysis of the 642-bp sequence had a 100% sequence identity to R. solani AG4 HGIII isolates from China (KP296705), Brazil (AY152811), and South Africa (KF712286). All field isolates demonstrated hyphal fusion and plasmolysis with the tester confirming they belong to the AG4 group. In two experiments, sesame plants were grown in pots and were inoculated by mixing twice-autoclaved (24 h apart) millet seed infested with a field-collected isolate of R. solani into the top 5 cm of soil (25 g/100 g dry weight soil) at 8 weeks old. Six plants were grown per pot, and five pots were inoculated with R. solani colonized millet. An additional pot was inoculated with sterile millet seed. Plants were watered after inoculation and incubated for an additional 21 days at ambient outdoor temperature. Dark brown lesions similar to symptoms observed in the field were noted on the stem near the soil line of inoculated plants and advanced up stems ≈10 cm. Plants in pots with sterile millet did not show symptoms. R. solani was consistently reisolated on PDA from several stem tissue pieces of the inoculated pots and could not be isolated from noninoculated plant tissues. Although R. solani has been reported on sesame in other regions of production, this is the first report in Texas to the authors’ knowledge. Sesame is a common specialty oilseed crop in Texas and internationally, with growing interest owing to its ability to be grown in dryland conditions. Although production in Texas often entails dryland practices, producers irrigate the crop regularly to maximize yields. This increase in moisture could increase disease pressure of R. solani and result in greater economic losses.References:Kronland, W. C., and Stanghellini, M. E. 1988. Phytopathology 78:820. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-78-820 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarParmeter, J. R. 1970. Page 32 in: Rhizoctonia solani, Biology and Pathology. University of California Press Berkeley, CA. Google ScholarDetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 102, No. 10 October 2018SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 28 Sep 2018Published: 8 Aug 2018First Look: 3 May 2018Accepted: 25 Apr 2018 Pages: 2039-2039 Information© 2018 The American Phytopathological SocietyCited byFirst Report of Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG4-HGI on Pinellia ternata in Guizhou, ChinaMinglei Huang, Qiong Wu, Xing Wang, Thangaraj Kuberan, Fuxing Shu, Gregory Joseph Duns, and Jishuang Chen31 August 2022 | Plant Disease, Vol. 0, No. jaThanatephorus cucumeris (many names, depending on host)CABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumFirst Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 Causing Seedling Disease in RiceS. P. Gaire, X.-G. Zhou, Y.-K. Jo, and J. Shi4 March 2020 | Plant Disease, Vol. 104, No. 5" @default.
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• W2800855857 title "First Report of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG4 Causing Stem Necrosis in Sesame in Southwest Texas" @default.
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