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- W2800908021 abstract "Abstract Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in many fruits and is used as preservative in human food being an antioxidant. Inside the cell, citric acid plays an important role in the intermediary metabolism, being a component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle. Our studies performed in rodents indicated that the administration of citric acid was able to protect the liver tissue against the deleterious effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), or the organophosphorus insecticide malathion minimizing both the leakage of hepatocellular enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase into plasma and the extent of histological damage as well. Metabolic perturbations due to CCl4, such as the decrease in mucopolysaccharides, and proteins in hepatocytes were reduced by citric acid. The increase in the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, and the depletion of reduced glutathione in liver of malathion-treated rats and the decline in hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity in mice treated with LPS were alleviated by citric acid. These biochemical changes occurred along with inhibition of activated caspase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the liver tissue. Our observations suggest that citrate exerts an antioxidant action limiting excessive generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites. The aim of this chapter is to review the role of free radicals in liver diseases, summarize the results of our experiments and to discuss available data pertaining to protective effects for citric acid in other tissues and the possible mechanisms involved." @default.
- W2800908021 created "2018-05-17" @default.
- W2800908021 creator A5015342011 @default.
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- W2800908021 date "2018-01-01" @default.
- W2800908021 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2800908021 title "Citric Acid an Antioxidant in Liver" @default.
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- W2800908021 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803951-9.00016-1" @default.
- W2800908021 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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