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• W2802453907 abstract "Postmenopausal women have been shown to exhibit larger arterial blood pressure responses to exercise compared to premenopausal women, and age matched men. These findings, plus those documenting an attenuation of exercise blood pressure following estrogen replacement, are suggestive of a role for estrogen deficiency in mediating the exaggerated cardiovascular response. However, the mechanisms by which this augmented blood pressure response is achieved and estrogens contribution remains incompletely understood. As such, the objective of this thesis was to determine the effects of acute and chronic estrogen deficiency on the hemodynamic responses to rhythmic exercise with graded reductions in muscle blood flow. Seventeen healthy women participated in this study (7 postmenopausal women, 57-64 yrs; 10 premenopausal women, 20-28 yrs). To discern the effect of acute estrogen fluctuations on the cardiovascular responses to rhythmic exercise with progressive muscle ischemia, premenopausal women were tested at two different time points during their menstrual cycle; when estrogen levels were at their nadir (early follicular phase, days 2-6) and at their peak (late follicular phase). Hemodynamic responses in each subject were assessed (Finometer) at rest and during mild (10% MVC) rhythmic (30 contractions/min) handgrip exercise. Following a 4-minute free flow exercise period, a blood pressure cuff on the subject’s upper arm was progressively inflated at a rate of 20 mmHg/minute. Subjects continued to exercise until volitional fatigue after which contractions ceased but the blood pressure cuff remained inflated (3 minutes) to isolate the contribution of the muscle metaboreflex. As expected, postmenopausal women generated greater systolic blood pressure response at fatigue (ΔSBP: 24.7±3.9 vs 39.4±3.6 mmHg) (p < 0.05), a response that tended to remain during the period of metaboreflex isolation that followed (ΔSBP: 17.6±3.1 vs 27.3±4.2 mmHg) (p = 0.07). Importantly, the pressor response generated at fatigue appeared to be mediated almost exclusively by a rise in peripheral resistance in the postmenopausal women (ΔTPR: 22.7±39.8 vs 218.7±61.1 dyn•s/cm5) (p < 0.05), while changes in cardiac output played a larger role in the premenopausal women (ΔQ: 1.8±0.5 vs 0.4±0.7 L/min). The differential nature of the cardiac output response between groups was mediated by differences in stroke volume (ΔSV: 10.6±4.3 vs -16.4±11.6 mL/beat) (p < 0.05), rather than heart rate. Additionally, at high relative arterial cuff pressures, when the muscle metaboreflex was engaged, the percent reduction in brachial blood flow across increasing cuff pressures was smaller in the postmenopausal than the premenopausal women, indicating that the elevated pressor response in the postmenopausal women appeared to confer a flow advantage. Acute estrogen deficiency appeared to some extent to mirror the findings noted with chronic estrogen changes. Specifically, although the pressor response to rhythmic exercise and during metaboreflex isolation were not different…" @default.
• W2802453907 created "2018-05-17" @default.
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• W2802453907 date "2016-03-23" @default.
• W2802453907 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2802453907 title "Influences of Estrogen Deficiency and Graded Reductions in Exercising Muscle Blood Flow on Arterial Blood Pressure Responses in Healthy Women" @default.
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