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- W2803201741 abstract "A rich body of evidence shows how biodiversity can help to sustain pools and fluxes of matter and energy in ecosystems. Understanding such diversity effects on ecosystem functioning is crucial to predicting the potential consequences of biodiversity loss. Although α-diversity has received great attention in the literature, there is a serious knowledge gap for the roles and functions of β-diversity. β-Diversity provides insights into the mechanisms driving biodiversity changes and their consequences for multiple ecosystem functions. Focusing on β-diversity is especially important in ecological communities that are subject to large environmental fluctuations and disturbances. Considering the increasing importance of variability in ecological systems, particularly in the context of global change, insights gained from studying β-diversity are of importance for both theoretical and applied ecology. Evidence is increasing for positive effects of α-diversity on ecosystem functioning. We highlight here the crucial role of β-diversity – a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity – for a better process-level understanding of biodiversity change and its consequences for ecosystems. A focus on β-diversity has the potential to improve predictions of natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, linking the causes and consequences of biodiversity change is complex because species assemblages in nature are shaped by many factors simultaneously, including disturbance, environmental heterogeneity, deterministic niche factors, and stochasticity. Because variability and change are ubiquitous in ecosystems, acknowledging these inherent properties of nature is an essential step for further advancing scientific knowledge of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning in theory and practice. Evidence is increasing for positive effects of α-diversity on ecosystem functioning. We highlight here the crucial role of β-diversity – a hitherto underexplored facet of biodiversity – for a better process-level understanding of biodiversity change and its consequences for ecosystems. A focus on β-diversity has the potential to improve predictions of natural and anthropogenic influences on diversity and ecosystem functioning. However, linking the causes and consequences of biodiversity change is complex because species assemblages in nature are shaped by many factors simultaneously, including disturbance, environmental heterogeneity, deterministic niche factors, and stochasticity. Because variability and change are ubiquitous in ecosystems, acknowledging these inherent properties of nature is an essential step for further advancing scientific knowledge of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning in theory and practice. the variation in the identities and abundances of species among local species assemblages. It can be quantified in different ways, including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dissimilarity, either weighted by relative abundances or not. Biotic homogenization is the outcome of a human-induced reduction in β-diversity. the study framework that investigates possible consequences of biodiversity change on ecosystem functions. In experimental studies, species diversity is manipulated to quantify the net effects of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning. With the help of advanced statistical methods, non-manipulative studies are also increasingly feasible for the evaluation of the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in real-world settings. an anthropogenic impact on biodiversity. Because of human-induced decreases in environmental variability (environmental homogenization), species assemblages could increase in similarity in terms of their taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic composition across locations. The term was originally used to describe the replacement of native by non-native species that can result in a decline in community dissimilarity over spatial and temporal scales. considers the mechanisms by which local species assemblages are organized, and describes the final outcome of these organization processes. There is debate about whether the outcomes of community assembly processes result in a single, stable equilibrium, alternative stable states, or an alternative transient state. It is often difficult to define the final timepoint of community assembly processes. contribute to the processes of community assembly in predictable, non-random ways. Important processes of deterministic assembly include species–environment associations, habitat filtering, competitive hierarchy among species, and interspecific niche partitioning. Note that some other processes such as dispersal limitation and priority effect, which are often considered to be stochastic assembly processes (see below), can also be under the control of deterministic processes. these contribute to the process of community assembly that follows the mathematical theory of stochasticity and is not necessarily predictable. Important factors behind stochastic assembly include historic contingency (the order of arrival, i.e., the priority effect), ecological drift (demographic or environmental stochasticity), and dispersal limitation. Note that it is often difficult to identify the roles and contributions of these factors to community assembly, especially for observational studies, which is why they are often considered to be seemingly random. However, some deterministic processes can also operate within the frame of these stochastic processes." @default.
- W2803201741 created "2018-06-01" @default.
- W2803201741 creator A5061157965 @default.
- W2803201741 creator A5061716797 @default.
- W2803201741 creator A5085506794 @default.
- W2803201741 date "2018-07-01" @default.
- W2803201741 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
- W2803201741 title "β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning" @default.
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