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• W280329282 abstract "Most scholars will readily grant that Carl Czerny had good reasons to make his often quoted remark, It is certain that, in many of his finest works, was inspired by similar and drawn either from reading, or created by his own excited imagination.1 They are reluctant, however, to attempt to identify those from which drew his and images, especially since himself was notoriously reluctant to identify the sources of his extra-musical ideas. Since we frequently lack the composer's authoritative word on the matter, the challenge of identifying Beethoven's sources necessitates speculation. Many scholars resist such speculation out of respect for the composer's attitude, again reported by Czerny, that is not always so freely felt by the hearers when a definitely expressed object has already fettered their imagination. While we need to honor the right of any listener to experience music (even patently programmatic music) as abstract art, such deference must not dissuade the scholar from the overriding need to learn why 's music behaves as it does. To understand a piece of music we need to discover all we can about what went on in the mind of the composer as he created that music. Objective analysis can inform us how notes respond to purely musical forces. But in the case of a highly idiosyncratic composition that was elaborately motivated by extra-musical forces, only an awareness of those forces can explain why such a work goes its own strange way. Again quoting Czerny, We should obtain the real key to his compositions and to their performance only through a thorough knowledge of these circumstances, if this were always practicable. One key to the difficult task of identifying the visions and images is a work which, I strongly suspect, was widely read by Ludwig van during the early decades of his life: Johann Georg Sulzer's Allgemeine Theorie der Schonen Kunste. The influence of this fascinating and monumentally important treatise can be quite reliably traced in several of Beethoven's compositions from the years 1794-1808 - and I assume that other links have yet to be discovered. In Maynard Solomon's one finds a paragraph that addresses Beethoven's interest in philosophy, literature, and the world of ideas in general.2 Solomon recounts Wegeler's story about Beethoven's refusal to attend lectures by Kant in Vienna in the 1790s, and quotes the well-known passage in Beethoven's letter to Breitkopf & Hartel of Nov. 2, 1809: There is hardly any treatise that could be too learned for me. I have not the slightest pretention to erudition. Yet from my childhood I have striven to understand what the better and wiser people of all ages were driving at in their works.3 Solomon concludes: Beethoven preferred self-education through voracious readings in the popularizations of works of major thinkers ... If any treatise published in Germany at the end of the 18th century merits the description popularization of the works of major thinkers, it is Sulzer's Theorie. Sulzer is, however, only rarely mentioned in the extensive literature on Beethoven. This may be simply explained by the fact that he is also never mentioned in the primary sources (the correspondence, Tagebuch, or conversation books). Nor is he mentioned in the writings of those men who were close to Beethoven: Wegeier, Ries, Czerny, Schindler, and Gerhard von Breunins. The reigning silence on Sulzer and his treatise would seem to make questionable my hypothesis that Sulzer had any important influence on Beethoven. But we know that did use Sulzer's treatise on at least one occasion, and we shall get to that in a moment. If this hypothesis is correct, however, then why the silence - especially on Beethoven's own part? To begin, Beethoven, like many artists, was reluctant to reveal the sources of his ideas; so, his failure ever to talk about Sulzer cannot be held as evidence that he was ignorant of this work, or that he never used it. …" @default.
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• W280329282 date "1987-04-01" @default.
• W280329282 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W280329282 title "Exploring Sulzer's Allgemeine Theorie as a Source Used by Beethoven" @default.
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