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- W2803513710 abstract "Abstract A pressure transient technique for tracking the advance of cold water fronts during water flooding and geothermal injection operations has been developed. The technique is based on the concept that the steady state pressure buildup in the reservoir region inside the front can be calculated by a fluid skin factor. By analyzing successive pressure falloff tests, the advance of the front in the reservoir can be monitored. The validity of the method is demonstrated by application to three numerically simulated data sets, a nonisothermal step-rate injection test, a series of pressure falloffs in a multilayered reservoir, and a series of pressure falloff tests in a water flooded oil reservoir. Introduction During both geothermal and water flooding operations it is important to know the position of the interface or front between the injected and in situ fluids. Since the injected fluid usually has a different viscosity, density and relative permeability than that of the in situ fluid, injection creates a radially symmetric heterogeneity around the well. Pressure transients during injection and falloff, in systems with radial discontinuities created by fluid injection, have been studied by numerous researchers. These studies have shown that under a variety of specific conditions, the reservoir properties and the skin factor can be determined from injection test or falloff data. Benson and Bodvarsson showed that the region around the well created by cold water injection into a hot reservoir could be mathematically treated by a thermal skin factor. Benson extended this concept to develop a method of front tracking during cold water injection into a hot water reservoir. A generalized formulation of the fluid skin factor and how it can be used for front tracking is developed in this paper. Background Pressure transients during injection of fluids with different properties are characterized by one of two types of behavior:Moving front-dominated behavior, during which the very early time pressure transients correspond to the properties of the reservoir fluid and the late time transients to the properties of the injected fluid.Composite reservoir (stationary front) behavior which is characterized by two slopes, the first corresponding to the fluid properties of the region inside the front and the second to the properties of the reservoir fluid outside of the properties of the reservoir fluid outside of the front. This study applies to pressure transients characterized by the composite-reservoir behavior. The thermal skin factor, which can be generalized to a fluid skin factor, is best explained by considering the pressure buildup and falloff due to nonisothermal injection. Figure 1 shows numerically simulated pressure buildup data for a step rate test during which 20C water is injected into a 250C reservoir (a mobility contrast of nearly 10). For comparison, isothermal injection at 20C and 250C, for identical step rate tests, are also shown. Note that the magnitude of the pressure buildup for the nonisothermal test is pressure buildup for the nonisothermal test is less than that for 20C isothermal injection and greater than that for isothermal 250C injection. In other words, relative to the hot reservoir, the cold water creates an additional buildup component that depends on the mobility contrast between the two fluids. The thermal skin factor is derived in the same way as the mechanical skin factor and can be expressed as(1) The present study discusses a method of front tracking which requires successive pressure falloff tests, or step rate injection tests be conducted." @default.
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- W2803513710 date "1983-10-05" @default.
- W2803513710 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2803513710 title "A Pressure Transient Method for Front Tracking" @default.
- W2803513710 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/12130-ms" @default.
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