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• W2803572824 abstract "SUMMARY :The coevolution between two intimately associated organisms, like host and parasite, is a widely investigated theme in evolutionary biology. Recently, the use of genetic data in the study of host-parasite systems evidences that the genetic information from some parasites can complement genetic data from their hosts and thus may help to better understand their host's evolutionary history.Phylogenetic and population genetic aspects of bat parasites have been poorly investigated. Spinturnicid mites are highly specialized ectoparasites, exclusively associated with bats and therefore represent an ideal model to extant our knowledge on bat and parasite biology and on their coevolutionary history. In this thesis, I developed several molecular markers (mitochondrial DNA) to compare the genetic patterns of Spinturnix mites with their bat hosts at different levels.The molecular co-phylogeny between Spinturnix sp. and their bat hosts suggests a partial cospeciation and the occurrence of failure to speciate events and multiple host switches. Thus, Spinturnix mites do not exactly mirror the phylogenetic pattern of their hosts, despite their intimate association. Similar roosting habits of the hosts seem to promote host switches between different species, as far as ecological conditions are favourable.The phylogeographic study of the Maghrebian bat M. punicus in the Mediterranean area confirms the presence of M. punicus in North Africa, Corsica and Sardinia and highlights that islands and mainland are genetically highly divergent. The comparison between the parasitic mite S. myoti and the Maghrebian bat suggests that the phylogeographic pattern of the mite is moulded by its host, with open water as main barrier for host and parasite dispersal. Moreover, the unique presence of a European S. myoti lineage on M. punicus from Corsica strongly suggests the former presence of mouse-eared bats (M. myotis and/or M. blythii) in Corsica. By highlighting the probable presence of a nowadays locally extinct host species, S. myoti may represent a good proxy for inferring complex evolutionary history of bat hosts.Finally, population genetic surveys of S. myoti and S. bechsteinii suggest that these mites benefit from close contacts between individuals during the mating season and/or hibernation to disperse among remote colonies. The contrasted genetic patterns of these two distinct bat-mite systems evidence that bat social structure is a determinant factor of the genetic structure of mite populations.Altogether, this PhD thesis demonstrates the usefulness of parasites to gather information about their bat hosts. In addition, my results illustrate how different ecological and biological characteristics of bat species allow the emergence of a surprising diversity in the genetic patterns of the parasites, which may contribute to the diversification and speciation of parasites.RESUME :La co-evolution entre deux organismes intimement lies, comme un parasite et son hote, fait partie des questions largement etudiees en biologie evolutive. Recemment, l'utilisation de donnees genetique dans l'etude des interactions hote-parasite a montre que l'information genetique de certains parasites peut completer les donnees genetiques de l'hote et ainsi peut eclairer l'histoire evolutive de leur hote.Tres peu etudes ont etudie les interactions entre les chauves-souris et leurs parasites d'un point de vue moleculaire. Les acariens du genre Spinturnix sont des ectoparasites tres specialises exclusivement associes aux chauves-souris. Ils representent donc un model ideal pour elargir nos connaissances tant sur l'ecologie des parasites de chauves-souris que sur leur coevolution. Durant cette these, plusieurs marqueurs moleculaires (ADN mitochondrial) ont ete developpes pour ainsi comparer la distribution de la variation genetique des parasites du genre Spinturnix avec celle de leurs hotes, et ceci a differents niveaux.Tout d'abord, la co-phylogenie moleculaire entre les especes de Spinturnix et les leurs hotes revele une co-speciation partielle ainsi que la presence d'evenement de non speciation et de transferts horizontaux. Ces parasites ne refletent donc pas entierement l'histoire evolutive de leurs hotes, malgre leurs intimes associations. La cohabitation de plusieurs especes de chauves-souris dans un meme gite permet aux parasites un transfert entre differentes especes, attenuant ainsi leur degre de co-speciation.Deuxiemement, l'etude phylogeographique du marin du Maghreb dans le bassin Mediterraneen confirme sa presence en Afrique du Nord, en Corse et en Sardaigne. La comparaison avec un de ses parasites S. myoti suggere que la repartition genetique de S. myoti est faconnee par celle de leurs hotes, avec les etendues d'eau comme barriere principale tant a la dispersion de l'hote que de son parasite. De plus, la presence unique d'une lignee europeenne de ces parasites sur des marins du Maghreb de Corse suggere fortement la presence du grand ou petit marin en Corse dans le passe. En refletant la presence potentielle a un endroit donne d'une espece de chauve-souris actuellement disparue, S. myoti peut representer une bonne alternative pour comprendre l'histoire evolutive complexe des chauves-souris.Finalement, l'etude des structures genetiques des populations des parasites S. myoti et S. bechsteinii suggere que les contacts corporels entre chauves-souris durant la saison de reproduction ou l'hibernation peuvent permettre la dispersion des parasites entre des colonies eloignees geographiquement. La difference de structure genetique entre ces deux associations particulieres montre que la structure genetique des populations de parasites depend fortement des traits d'histoire de vie de son hote.Dans l'ensemble, cette these demontre l'importance des parasites pour amener des informations sur leurs hotes, les chauves-souris. Elle illustre aussi comment les differences ecologique et biologique des differentes especes de chauves-souris peuvent amener une etonnante diversite de structure genetique au sein de populations de parasites, ce qui peut peut-etre contribuer a la diversification et a la speciation des parasites." @default.
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• W2803572824 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W2803572824 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2803572824 title "Genetic survey of spinturnix sp (Acari, Mesostigmata) and their bat hosts in Western Palearctic" @default.
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