Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2804095587> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2804095587 abstract "Gene transcription is a precise and complex process that initiates the expression of the genetic code. Transcription of genes can lead to highly coordinated cellular processes such as cell proliferation and eventually to physiological changes such as mouse liver regeneration. RNA polymerases are the major enzymes involved in transcription and their action is regulated by different elements that bind to the chromatin and modify its activity. Host Cell Factor 1 (HCF-1) is one case of a transcriptional co-regulator. The HCF-1 precursor protein is proteolytically cleaved for its maturation into two subunits (HCF-1N and HCF-1C) that remain bound non- covalently and become active. The mature HCF-1 regulates transcription via chromatin association with transcription factors and chromatin remodelers in gene promoters. Furthermore, HCF-1 is required for proper progression of mammalian cell division, especially for the passage from G1 to S phase and for proper mitosis. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies in the past ten years has permitted transcriptional studies at a genome-wide scale. A genome-wide study of HCF-1 showed that it is a common component of active CpG-island promoters and coincides with the occupancy of the transcription factors ZNF143, THAP11, YY1 and GABP.In this dissertation, I show novel insights about the genome-wide regulation of mammalian transcription in cancerous and differentiated cells. Initially I evaluate the use of paired-end sequencing to study genome-wide binding of transcription regulators to the chromatin. This technology proves to have advantages compared to the traditional single-end sequencing. Subsequently, I report new insights about the chromatin binding of HCF- 1 along the cell division of HeLa cells. In the CDC6 promoter, paired-end sequencing revealed two HCF-1 binding sites with different underlying DNA motifs associated to the transcription factors E2F1 and THAP11/ZNF143. This suggests that HCF-1 could bind to the chromatin through different transcription factors in the same promoter. Interestingly, the individual association with these transcription factors appears to vary during the course of the cell cycle. In this work, I also investigate transcription regulation in the mouse liver. I initially characterize the genome-wide transcriptional responses to partial hepatectomy in the mouse liver, showing that the mouse liver undergoes two different transcriptional cycles: a sham-like cycle and second cycle linked to cell proliferation. Additionally, I describe that the genic accumulation of H3K36me2 in the regenerating mouse liver and in HeLa cells accumulates at the 5' end of transcriptional units whereas H3K36me3 accumulates towards the 3' end. This observation was already reported only in Drosophila which suggests potential similar mechanisms for Pol2 elongation. And lastly, I show that HCF-1 in the mouse liver is a versatile component for the regulation of genes involved in diverse cellular functions in which the two HCF- 1 subunits display different chromatin associations.--Nos cellules comportent chacune deux series d'instructions que nous avons heritees de nos parents. Ces instructions sont compactees de facon remarquable pour tenir dans la tres petite taille du noyau cellulaire. Ceci est en parti realise en enroulant la sequence d'ADN autour de proteines appelees histones, formant la chromatine. Cependant, les cellules possedent divers mecanismes de regulation pour la lecture des instructions, appelee transcription. Ceci implique la participation d'ARN polymerases (les lecteurs), ainsi que d'autres facteurs de regulation comme des co-activateurs ou des co-represseurs, par exemple Host Cell Factor 1 (HCF- 1). Ils coexistent tous avec des facteurs de remodelage de la chromatine qui peuvent lire et modifier les marques epigenetiques sur les histones. Au debut du 21eme siecle, de nouvelles technologies ont ete mises au point pour permettre la visualisation de la position de ces tous petits elements sur l'ensemble des genes contenus dans les cellules. Cette revolution dans les sciences du vivant contribue a elucider les mecanismes de regulation de la transcription lors de processus cellulaires tels que la division cellulaire.Dans ce manuscrit, je presente differents modeles de regulation de la transcription des genes que j'ai observes en etudiant les positions de regulateurs. J'ai pu etudier ceci dans deux types de cellules : a) des cellules humaines cancereuses qui se multiplient constamment et b) des cellules saines du foie de souris. Le foie est un organe possedant une capacite de regeneration remarquable. Lorsqu'il est lese, il a la capacite de multiplier les cellules restantes pour restaurer sa masse et sa fonction. Lors de la regeneration, j'ai observe que les ARN polymerases peuvent lire les genes rapidement ou lentement selon le besoin. De plus, la position des marques epigenetiques H3K36me2 et H3K36me3 lors de la regeneration donne des pistes sur le mecanisme de lecture.J'ai egalement etudie le role du cofacteur de transcription HCF-1. A la fois dans les cellules cancereuses et dans les cellules du foie, HCF-1 est une proteine polyvalente qui peut agir differemment d'un promoteur a l'autre. HCF-1 est de plus implique dans la lecture de genes associes a des fonctions cellulaires tres variees. Ceci en fait une proteine tres interessante a etudier, puisqu'elle permet d'obtenir des pistes sur differents modes de regulation.En conclusion, bien que les deux series d'instructions recues de nos parents soient statiques, les elements qui interagissent avec elles sont extremement divers et dynamiques, et agissent de maniere precise pour que les cellules realisent leurs fonctions lorsque necessaire. Une meilleure comprehension de cette diversite et de cette precision permettra dans le futur d'aider a concevoir de meilleures drogues pour traiter les maladies." @default.
- W2804095587 created "2018-06-01" @default.
- W2804095587 creator A5020904214 @default.
- W2804095587 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2804095587 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2804095587 title "Transcriptional programs during mammalian cell prolifération" @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1271204474 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1493454437 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1529048149 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1549536215 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1570271015 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1592870802 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1813910892 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W189101662 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1923281972 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1927748519 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1964096828 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1965343063 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1965816557 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1968339887 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1968707958 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1969451832 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1969670694 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1977798848 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1978011862 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1981509058 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1984732321 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1987855481 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1989419347 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1994150489 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1997490792 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1998983301 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W1999574084 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2002836340 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2003053220 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2004406206 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2005744558 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2006048118 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2006322387 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2007684630 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2011854550 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2013232839 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2014306428 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2015416439 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2016381774 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2019642682 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2021880506 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2024584416 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2024800350 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2029155671 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2030521960 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2032736838 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2034882046 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2035659472 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2040410152 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2042594259 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2045949302 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2047112694 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2047855070 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2050079285 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2051282896 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2052467994 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2054643318 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2059185956 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2062572320 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2065125915 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2067380629 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2068470826 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2069328568 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2070359888 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2072087420 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2072208761 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2072691491 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2076822857 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2076981447 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2077517959 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2077602621 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2078579639 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2081133395 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2085531754 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2087691305 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2089315523 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2093090845 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2095491514 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2098952156 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2099698839 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2102524715 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2103302926 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2103626942 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2104097191 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2104865962 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2105960347 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2106134616 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2106356851 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2108234281 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2108930841 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2109361919 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2110002004 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2110905563 @default.
- W2804095587 cites W2112013199 @default.