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- W2805062009 abstract "ABSTRACT Aim Wilms’ tumour 1 (WT1) is essential for normal podocyte function. Previous reports have demonstrated that the WT1 promoter is often methylated in cancers, leading to transcriptional silencing. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is reported to down‐regulate WT1 expression in podocytes. Based on the hypothesis that epigenetic modification plays a role in this process, we examined whether TGF‐β1 affects the methylation status of WT1 regulatory regions. Methods Conditional immortalized human podocytes were treated with TGF‐β1. A human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK2), which does not express WT1, was used as a control. The degree of DNA methylation of the WT1 promoter, 5′ enhancer, intron 3 enhancer and 3′ enhancer was determined using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing. Results Both WT1 mRNA and protein expression were reduced by long‐term treatment with TGF‐β1. The WT1 promoter was hypomethylated, and the 5′ enhancer and intron 3 enhancer were substantially methylated in untreated podocytes. In contrast, in HK2 cells, the WT1 promoter was strongly methylated, and the 5′ enhancer and intron 3 enhancer were less methylated than in untreated podocytes. TGF‐β1 tended to increase WT1 promoter methylation, tended to decrease 5′ enhancer methylation and significantly decreased intron 3 enhancer methylation in podocytes. Methylation levels of the 3′ enhancer did not differ among untreated cells, TGF‐β1‐treated podocytes or HK2 cells. Conclusion Our data suggest that the methylation pattern of the WT1 promoter and enhancers in human podocytes are distinctive from those in HK2. Furthermore, TGF‐β1 alters the methylation levels of the WT1 promoter and enhancers in human podocytes. This modification may be relevant to the attenuation of WT1 by TGF‐β1, which could contribute to podocyte injury." @default.
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- W2805062009 date "2019-04-17" @default.
- W2805062009 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W2805062009 title "TGF‐β1 alters DNA methylation levels in promoter and enhancer regions of the <i>WT1</i> gene in human podocytes" @default.
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- W2805062009 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13411" @default.
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