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• W2805839348 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 12First Report of Whisker Mold as a Postharvest Disease Caused by Penicillium ulaiense on Citrus (Citrus unshiu) in Korea PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Whisker Mold as a Postharvest Disease Caused by Penicillium ulaiense on Citrus (Citrus unshiu) in KoreaJ. H. Park, J.-W. Hyun, M. J. Park, and Y. J. ChoiJ. H. ParkSearch for more papers by this author, J.-W. HyunSearch for more papers by this author, M. J. ParkSearch for more papers by this author, and Y. J. Choi†Corresponding author: Y. J. Choi; E-mail: E-mail Address: [email protected]http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-4723Search for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations J. H. Park , Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea J.-W. Hyun , Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Jeju 63607, Korea M. J. Park , Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea Y. J. Choi † , Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea. Published Online:28 Sep 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-18-0603-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Citrus (Citrus unshiu Markovich) is a commercially important crop in Eastern Asia. In Korea, it is the most consumed fruit in winter, but also its dried peel is traditionally used for medicinal purposes to improve bronchitis and blood circulation and to treat vomiting and dyspepsia. In February 2017, citrus fruits with symptoms of rotting were observed at commercial markets (35°57′N, 126°42′E) in Gunsan-si, Korea, where temperature ranged from 15 to 18°C. The disease incidence was relatively low, with 5 to 10% across all the markets surveyed. The infected area was covered with a white fungal growth with greyish blue conidia and often formed whisker-like coremia. The pathogen was isolated from the surface of the decayed citrus fruit and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with streptomycin (50 µg/ml), and the agar plugs of the pure culture were transferred onto PDA, V8 agar, and cornmeal agar. After 5 days of incubation at 25°C, dense and greyish blue colonies of 28, 30, and 15 mm in diameter, respectively, had appeared. Conidiophores were irregularly branched, mostly terverticillate, but also often biverticillate or quaterverticillate. Phialides were ampulliform to cylindrical and measured 13 to 16 × 2.7 to 3.2 µm. Conidia were cylindrical or obpyriform to ellipsoidal, smooth, and measured 5.0 to 7.3 × 1.8 to 2.4 µm. All morphological characteristics fit well with the description of Penicillium ulaiense H.M. Hsieh, H.J. Su & Tzean (Frisvad and Samson 2004). A representative isolate was deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC, Suwon, Korea), with accession number KACC 48475. To support the morphological identification, molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from conidia and mycelia harvested from the PDA plate. Polymerase chain reaction amplifications of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and β-tubulin genes were performed as described by Rivera and Seifert (2011). The sequences of the two regions were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MH192339 for ITS and MH192338 for β-tubulin). A comparison with the GenBank sequences revealed that the Korean pathogen showed 100% sequence similarity with P. ulaiense strains CBS210.92 (KC411695) in the ITS sequence and CBS26294 (AY674406) in the β-tubulin. Pathogenicity was demonstrated by spraying 10 µl of a conidial suspension (1.1 × 105 conidia/ml) onto the surfaces of two citrus groups: 30 healthy fruits and 30 fruits wounded at the equatorial zone (10 mm in diameter and 1 mm deep) using a dissection needle. Thirty control fruits were sprayed only with sterile water. Before spraying, all fruits were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl solution once and 70% ethanol twice, rinsed, and dried. Plastic boxes with inoculated and control fruits were incubated at 25°C and 90 to 95% relative humidity for 2 weeks. Within 2 weeks, inoculated fruits (66% for healthy citrus fruits and 100% for wounded fruits) developed symptoms identical to the original ones, from which an identical fungus was successfully reisolated, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Control fruits remained symptomless. Although P. digitatum and P. italicum are more common causes of postharvest decay of citrus among the penicillia, whisker mold caused by P. ulaiense is also a concern during citrus storage in Brazil, Egypt, Japan, Pakistan, and the United States (Farr and Rossman 2018; Holmes et al. 1994). This is the first report of P. ulaiense causing postharvest whisker mold on stored citrus fruit in Korea. It might represent an emerging threat for storage and export of this crop.References:Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2018. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved 19 January 2018 from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ Google ScholarFrisvad, J. C., and Samson, R. A. 2004. Stud. Mycol. 49:1. Crossref, Google ScholarHolmes, G. J., et al. 1994. Phytopathology 84:719. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-84-719 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarRivera, K. G., and Seifert, K. A. 2011. Stud. Mycol. 70:139. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.70.03 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2016R1C1B2008013).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 102, No. 12 December 2018SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 20 Nov 2018Published: 28 Sep 2018First Look: 7 Jun 2018Accepted: 5 Jun 2018 Page: 2643 Information© 2018 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Research Foundation of KoreaGrant/Award Number: 2016R1C1B2008013Cited byPenicillium ulaienseCABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumFresh and Perishable Foods3 September 2022" @default.
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• W2805839348 title "First Report of Whisker Mold as a Postharvest Disease Caused by <i>Penicillium ulaiense</i> on Citrus (<i>Citrus unshiu</i>) in Korea" @default.
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