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• W2806979759 abstract "Hypertension Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: new conceptsAurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat, Augusto C Montezano & Rhian M TouyzAurelie Nguyen Dinh CatAurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat is a Research Fellow in Rhian Touyz’s group. She has been working on the pathophysiological roles of the aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiovascular system and adipose tissue, focusing on the interaction between adipocytes and vessels.Search for more papers by this author, Augusto C MontezanoAugusto C Montezano is a Leadership Fellow at the College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences at the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK. He is interested in understanding how osteogenic factors impact the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system.Search for more papers by this author & Rhian M TouyzRhian M Touyz is a Clinician–Scientist focusing on molecular, cellular and vascular mechanisms of hypertension. She is Professor of Medicine and Director of the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow. She was the Canada Research Chair in Hypertension at the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute/University of Ottawa (Canada). She received her degrees from the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. She has received numerous awards, including the 2005 Dahl Lecture Award of the American Heart Association and the 2012 Robert M Berne Distinguished Lecturer of the American Physiological Society. She is on the Executive of the International Society of Hypertension and is the past President of the Canadian Hypertension Society. She is also Chair of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research of the American Heart Association. She is Editor-in-Chief of Clinical Science, Deputy Editor of Hypertension and an Associate Editor of Pharmacological Reviews. She has published over 295 peer-reviewed papers.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:26 Jun 2013https://doi.org/10.2217/ebo.12.463AboutSectionsView ArticleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit View chapterAbstract: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is critically involved in the control of blood pressure and the pathophysiology of hypertension. The rate-limiting enzyme in the system is kidney-derived renin, which generates angiotensin (Ang) II that in turn regulates cardiovascular (CV) function by binding to Ang II receptors type 1 (AT1Rs) and Ang II receptors type 2 (AT2Rs) on target cells. A major downstream event of Ang II/AT1R is stimulation of aldosterone production from the adrenal gland, which regulates sodium and fluid reabsorption via the mineralocorticoid receptor. The multiple actions of Ang II are mediated by complex signaling pathways activated upon binding to AT1R and AT2R, which are regulated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-interacting proteins (GIPs), such as AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP; a molecule specifically interacting with the carboxyl-terminal domain of AT1R), AT1R-associated protein 1 and AT2R-interacting protein (ATIP). AT1R activation induces effects through phospholipase C (PLC)–inositol triphosphate–diaglycerol, MAPKs, tyrosine kinases, RhoA/Rho kinase and NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Recent discoveries in the field have identified new components of the RAAS, including the (pro)renin receptor, Ang II-derived peptides (Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-[1–7]), tissue RAAS and nonrenal aldosterone effects. Moreover the RAAS may play a role in immune mechanisms associated with hypertension. The present chapter reviews the classical RAAS and highlights recent progress and new concepts in the field. References1 Steckelings UM . The evolving story of the RAAS in hypertension, diabetes and CV disease: moving from macrovascular to microvascular targets . Fund. Clin. Pharmac. 23 (6) , 693 – 703 (2009) . Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar2 Sequeira Lopez ML , Gomez RA . Novel mechanisms for the control of renin synthesis and release . Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 12 (1) , 26 – 32 (2010) . Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar3 Stegbauer J , Coffman TM . New insights into angiotensin receptor actions: from blood pressure to aging . Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 20 (1) , 84 – 88 (2011) . Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar4 Higuchi S , Ohtsu H , Suzuki H , Shirai H , Frank GD , Eguchi S . 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