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• W2808047103 abstract "Shikō Tsubouchi’s Unpublished Letters to Edward Gordon Craig with an Introduction about Their Intercultural Context Yoko Yamaguchi (bio) Introduction: Intercultural Context The correspondence between the young Japanese critic, Shikō Tsubouchi (1887–1986, hereafter Shikō)1 and the standard-bearer of theatre reform, Edward Gordon Craig (1872–1966) is preserved in the Edward Gordon Craig Collection at the National Library of France.2 The main topics of their letters are Craig’s theatre school, Arena Goldoni, translations of Craig’s works into Japanese, Craig’s designs for Hamlet in Moscow, Shikō’s article “The Drama in Japan” (1912) in Craig’s magazine The Mask3 and Shikō’s participation in Lawrence Irving’s theatre company. The close acquaintance between Shikō and Craig probably lasted less than one year, from 1911 to 1912, after which the correspondence ended, and it does not seem to have had a very happy ending. Despite this short period, the significance of their contact with respect to the history of 20th century theatre is worth considering. In 1910, before meeting Shikō, Craig had already reviewed Marcelle Azra Hincks’ The Japanese Dance (1910) in The Mask and shown his interest in Japanese (and Eastern) performing arts.4 This must have been strengthened by his personal relationship with Shikō, who not only studied theatre, but was also an actor and a dancer himself. The Japonism at the beginning of the 20th century could be regarded as the background for this meeting, because the Eastern Art expert at the British Museum, Laurence Binyon, who introduced Shikō to Craig, obviously knew of Craig’s interest and expressed hope in his letter to Craig that Shikō “may be of use to you”.5 Binyon, whose friends included Craig, William Butler Yeats, Ernest Fenollosa and his wife, Ezra Pound, and Yone (Yonejirō) Noguchi (Isamu Noguchi’s father), was a key figure in Japonism in England.6 Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 1. Masuku (Mask), Vol. 1 (1923), cover. The Museum of Modern Japanese Literature. Even after the end of his acquaintance with Shikō, Craig’s influential magazines, The Mask and The Marionnette [sic], published articles on Japanese culture and Japanese theatre. These journals made major contributions to international and intercultural exchanges of knowledge about theatre and helped to build personal and cultural networks between modernists around the world.7 For Shikō, the interactions and conflicts with Craig must have played an important role in the development of his own identity as a stage performer, critic, and scholar in modern Japan. Moreover, beyond their individual experiences, the interactions and conflicts between them illustrate cross-cultural contact between the East and the West [End Page 193] in the history of 20th century theatre. Craig’s influence on Shikō was symbolically revealed by the fact that Shikō, who organized a small working group for drama research from 1923 to 1924, gave the title Masuku (Mask) to its bulletin (Figure 1). Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 2. International Committee of Arena Goldoni. Shōyō’s name is given after his real name Y[ūzō]. Tsubouchi. Edward Gordon Craig, A Living Theatre, Florence, 1913. Nabu Public Domain Reprints, n. d., [75]. Courtesy of the Edward Gordon Craig Estate. Shikō Tsubouchi was the nephew and temporary adopted son of Shōyō (Yūzō) Tsubouchi (1859–1935, hereafter Shōyō). Shōyō was a leading critic, novelist, playwright, translator, and scholar who played an immense role in the modernization of Japanese society and culture. Under the influence of Richard Wagner, he wrote Shin gakugeki ron (New Theory on Music Drama) (1904) and some dance dramas to improve theatrical performances. Thus, he led Shin buyō undō (The New Dance Movement).8 He also established an actor’s training institute, presented Hamlet, and translated Shakespeare’s complete works into Japanese. As the correspondence between Shikō and Craig shows, through Shikō’s mediation, Shōyō became a member of the International Committee for Craig’s theatre school, Arena Goldoni, along with theatrical celebrities including the Kabuki actor Kōshirō Matsumoto, Ellen Terry, Sarah Bernhardt, and Konstantin Stanislavsky (See Fig. 2).9 Shikō himself was an actor, a dancer of Japanese dance, a director, a theatre and..." @default.
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• W2808047103 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W2808047103 title "Shikō Tsubouchi’s Unpublished Letters to Edward Gordon Craig with an Introduction about Their Intercultural Context" @default.
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• W2808047103 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/fmt.2013.0020" @default.
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