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• W2808484918 abstract "The broad question motivating Jonathan Fox's Religion, Civilization, and Civil War: 1945 Through the New Millennium is interesting, both theoretically and empirically: What is the overall influence of religion and civilizational divides on intrastate conflicts? Fox begins by noting that the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, brought renewed attention to the role of religion in conflict and highlighted the inadequacies of our understanding of this relationship. He argues that much of the conflict literature on the causal impact of religion-as well as its kin: civilization-suffers from ad hoc analyses, too little large-N empirical testing, and too little theorizing. Thus, Fox sets out to correct these shortcomings by examining the role of religion and civilizational divides in intrastate conflicts between 1945 and 2001, utilizing both the Minorities at Risk data on ethnic conflicts and the State Failure data on civil wars, mass killings, and revolutions. The primary achievement of Religion, Civilization, and Civil War is to establish correlations between a number of religious variables and types of intrastate conflict. Indeed, to this end the book contains 188 tables and figures as well as a detailed data appendix. Fox expands the Minorities at Risk and State Failure datasets, both of which are frequently used in conflict studies, by collecting information on several religious indicators that are hypothesized to cause conflict: religious identity, religious grievances, demands for religious rights, official religion, and religious institutions. The book falls short of providing convincing causal accounts of how these religious variables affect intrastate conflicts as well as why this relationship has, as the data indicates, changed over time, but the hypotheses and findings are a fruitful point of departure for future studies. The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, Fox examines the degree to which religious conflicts, which he defines as conflicts in which the warring parties do not belong to the same religion, are different from other types of domestic conflict. He then seeks to demonstrate the causal impact of a set of religious variables on ethnic rebellions, ethnic protests, mass killings, state failures, revolutionary wars, discrimination, and international interventions. In the second part of the book, Fox looks at the relationship between Samuel Huntington's (1993, 1996) notion of and religion, and he examines whether a clash of civilizations or religion is the better conflict determinant. Among the many descriptive findings of the book, two stand out. First, even though religious conflicts in general have been less common than nonreligious conflicts in the post-World War II era, the proportion of such conflicts has increased significantly since the 1980s, as has their inherent violence when compared to other types of conflict. Indeed, toward the end of the 1990s, this gap between the incidences of religious and nonreligious conflicts seemed to diminish. Second, most conflicts that involve religion are intrareligious. In the 1990s, a slight rise in interreligious conflicts between Muslims and Christians occurred, but this increase is not a dramatic one and does not, stresses Fox, lend much support to Huntington's" @default.
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• W2808484918 date "2016-01-01" @default.
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• W2808484918 title "Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions" @default.
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