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• W281067523 abstract "John Lang has convincingly argued that interlocking alpha and omega emblem which appears on separate page before Author's Note in first edition of William Styron's The Confessions of Nat Turner--and which is explicitly named in final words of novel--signals that Nat Turner's spiritual rebirth depends upon his new understanding of person of Jesus, `Him whose presence' Nat had either forgotten or never known (Lang 499,503; Styron 428). This interpretation is consistent with Styron's positive assessment of Christian humanism, Christian pacifism, and Christian redemption (cf. Styron, Hell 111; Death 128, 136; Coltrane 885-86). But alpha and omega symbol also functions simultaneously as an archetypal symbol. Behind Styron's Nat Turner's quest for personal identity and racial justice is archetypal quest of hero, with multiple philosophical and psychological implications. Styron has assimilated Nat Turner to archetypal paradigm described by Erich Neumann in The Origins and History of Consciousness. (1) His Nat Turner is black Everyman who falls into and embarks on misbegotten quest for human identity transcending race. This is not to say that Styron used Neumann as source; rather, Neumann's work illuminates some of patterns in Styron's novel heretofore overlooked. According to Neumann, alpha and omega symbol is one of many archetypal symbols for Original Perfection or Original Unity (Neumann 10). Others include circle, sphere, egg, rotundum, mandala, and uroboros. The uroboros is ancient Egyptian symbol for circular snake eating its own tail; its analogues are Heavenly Serpent and dragon or Leviathan (Neumann 8-11; 37). The uroboros (and kindred symbols of round) represents the unmanifest godhead (10). connotes unity, non-differentiation, and absence of opposites (11). Self-contained, self-begetting, timeless, eternal, and spaceless--the uroboros is a closed circuit; it is `wheel' that rolls of itself, the great whirling wheel of life, and ring of life and death (Neumann 6-10, 23). is also the ocean of unborn (12) and the womb of (14), place of mythological origination and finality, and of transfiguration and illumination (37). The uroboros is an ambiguous, monistic symbol: It slays, weds, and impregnates itself. is man and woman, begetting and conceiving, devouring and giving birth, active and passive, above and below at once (Neumann 10). Neumann uses uroboros--whose analogue is Christian Alpha and Omega--to signify psychic wholeness, or the roundedness of psyche. The ego passes through several stages as it differentiates itself from Primal Unity of uroboros. In beginning is beatific uroboric state of autarchy, perfection, and absolute self-sufficiency. Existence in womb-like uroboros is and is characterized by the absence of suffering. Everything is supplied of its own accord; there is no need of slightest exertion, not even an instinctive reaction, let alone regulating ego (33). Alas, men and women are predestined to fall into consciousness. The dawn of consciousness is often represented as coming of light, for Only in light of consciousness can man know. With `coming of consciousness' (i.e., growth of ego) comes splintering of this primal symbol of Unity. This `act of cognition' or `conscious discrimination' sunders world into opposites, for experience of world is only possible through opposites (104). In Neumann's gendered scheme, is masculine, whether subject is male or female (125, 143-44). Conversely, unconscious is feminine and is synonymous with the nonego (157-58). Mother, womb, pit, and hell are all identical. …" @default.
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• W281067523 date "1995-09-22" @default.
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• W281067523 title "William Styron's Nat Turner as an Archetypal Hero" @default.
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