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• W2810898808 abstract "Along with the economic growth of some developing countries comes a higher degree ofmotorisation, leading to an overcharged road infrastructure and congestions inside the cities,high accident rates, environmental problems, noise pollution and unfavourable healthconditions. One out of several complementary measures to relieve this strained situation is theprovision of a good public transport of high quality, which also assures equality between thepoor and the rich since the former rely much more on public transport than the latter. Thequality of public transport can be improved by a multitude of possible approaches, one ofwhich is its accessibility which must be considered to be the first resistance for potentialpassengers to use public transport.The focus of this thesis lies on the improvement of feeder systems for the special case ofHanoi, capital of the Southeast Asian developing country and socialist republic Vietnam,which currently faces the problems described above.The first part of the thesis closely describes the city and its transport system with strongemphasis on public transport, but also deals with the mobility behaviour of the Hanoians, theapplied process of transport planning, and a short prognosis of the future mobility behaviourand traffic volumes.Hanoi has about 2.9 million inhabitants. Especially in the historical centre extremely highpopulation densities can be found. The city's land use is rather mixed. Motorcyclists have thehighest shares among all road users, leading to so-called bottlenecks within the infrastructure,and ruling out the formerly most important bicycles. Cars are still marginal. Public transporthas a share of about 10 percent.In the last four years, efforts have been made in order to improve the city's formerly desolatepublic transport system. Today, a dense network is provided by 41 bus routes operating athigh frequencies. The only operator so far is the publicly owned Hanoi Transport and ServiceCorporation (TRANSERCO), officially regulated by the city's Transport and ManagementOperation Centre (TRAMOC). An extraordinary increase in passenger volumes has beenachieved, but public transport is still mainly used by people with low-incomes. Special futureprojects aim among other things at the introduction of a tramway and of a Bus Rapid TransitSystem.Even though the network is very dense in the city centre, accessibility of public transport canstill be improved in the suburbs and especially in the rural areas surrounding Hanoi, where themain part of the thesis aims at.In a first step, possible demands on feeder systems are shaped, and a system of objectives ismade up based on these demands. Good quality, being the first objective, can be achieved bya feeder ensuring social fairness and equality of opportunity, high availability and flexibility,as well as convenience. The feeder's ecological compatibility is divided into ecologicalfriendliness and support of health. To promote safety and security, the feeder should exposeits passengers neither to high amounts of injuries and fatalities nor to crimes. Its economicefficiency is influenced by its cost-effectiveness, its degree of being demand- oriented andfuture-oriented, and by its potential to provide a high degree of utilisation. For every of thementioned objectives several criteria can be deduced.In a next step, the actual state of accessibility along a chosen radial bus route is examined. Forthis purpose, bus no. 7 has been chosen. It leads almost from the city centre to the Noi BaiInternational Airport, lying 25 km to the north of the city. The bus runs trough urban area aswell as trough a rural region with a low population density, scattered settlements, agriculturalareas and industrial zones. It is operated at a high frequency and is well used, leading tocapacity overloads during rush hours.A passenger survey undertaken for this thesis revealed that most of the passengers use this busdaily in order to satisfy their basic needs of mobility, such as going to work, school oruniversity or returning home. In the urban part, most of the passengers reach bus no. 7 bytransferring from other buses, whereas in the rural part, the majority comes by foot or bybicycle. The remaining passengers mainly come by motorcycle. Access by bicycle andmotorcycle is possible due to four officially and unofficially operated B+R facilities at somebus stops along the course of bus no. 7, where two-wheelers can be left for a small fee.Leaving them unattended is unwise since the risk of theft is high.Motorcycle taxis can also be used to access public transport along the whole route. Thisunregulated service is called paratransit and is operated by private persons. It is less expensivethan ordinary taxis, but more expensive than the bus. The survey revealed that their usage as afeeder is low in the rural area served by bus no. 7.Most users need less than 20 minutes to reach the bus stops. Almost 100 percent of theinterviewees in the urban area stated to be content with the actual accessibility, and aboutthree quarter in the rural part. Therefore, the thesis only concentrates on the latter.In order to identify deficiencies of the existent feeder systems, they are assessed according tothe criteria of the system of objectives. A weak point of all present feeders is their inexistentdisability-friendliness, but given the actual situation of Vietnam, efforts must concentrate onother deficiencies first. As for low income groups, modes with smaller catchment areas aremore suitable than motorcycles or the motorcycle taxi. Furthermore, the catchment areas forwalking and cycling do not cover the whole bus route. The infrastructure for all modes ispartly insufficient in terms of comfort and safety. The high accident rates in Vietnamunfavourably affect all feeders, whereas security is not a problem so far. Another weak pointof the motorcycle taxi business and the unofficially operated B+R facilities is theirunregulated status that does not guarantee a stable offer in the future.The last part of the thesis deals with the analysis of possible measures, one of which is acompletely new feeder bus. The others aim at improving the existent feeder systems. Allmeasures are assessed by a value benefit analysis. Therefore, the criteria from the made upsystem of objectives are weighted, and the current importance of the respective feeder systemthat mainly benefits from the assessed measure is taken into account according to its actualshare of usage. Finally, a ranking of all proposed measures is obtained. After comparing thebenefit values to the roughly estimated costs for each measure, proposals for theirimplementation are made. Besides the highly recommended feeder bus, the physicalimprovement and official operation of all B+R facilities along the bus route is comparablybeneficial. A desirable but very expensive improvement of the footpath and bicycle pathnetwork to the bus stops requires further investigations. The pedestrian crossings in proximityof the bus stops need to be improved, but this can be postponed to the advantage of lessexpensive measures. A better coordination between urban planning and transport planning inorder to establish a better settlement structure for public transport should be implemented. Anadditional B+R facility at the middle section of bus no. 7 is also recommended. However, newbus stops surprisingly are less important at present. Measures improving the motorcycle taxiservice are not essential due to the low importance of this mode in the examined region.For all road users and thus also for passengers on their way to the bus, the enforcement andimprovement of traffic laws and traffic safety awareness, appropriate lighting, as well assidewalks and bicycle paths along all main roads are desirable, but these measures are rathergeneral and very expensive.For bus no. 7, higher frequencies during peak hours are recommended, and disabilityfriendlinessshould be integrated into a long-term policy.It is likely that these measures will attract more passengers to public transport and facilitate itsusage for already existent passengers. More favourable settlement structures for publictransport, however, have to be planned systematically. Due to the limited scope of the thesis,further investigations are necessary. Some advise in this regard is given at the end of thethesis. All in all, the work gives a good first orientation on the examined issue." @default.
• W2810898808 created "2018-07-10" @default.
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• W2810898808 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W2810898808 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2810898808 title "Analysis of feeder systems for the public transport system in suburbs of Hanoi" @default.
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