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- W2811421808 abstract "espanolEl cambio global (cambios en el uso del suelo, cambio climatico, especies invasivas, sobre uso del suelo y cambios en los ciclos biogeoquimicos) junto con factores bioticos (patogenos y plagas) estan afectando al estado sanitario de los bosques de diversas formas, lo que ha desencadenado el declive sanitario de la masa forestal por todo el mundo. El cambio climatico afecta al estado sanitario de los bosques mediante cambios en los regimenes de precipitacion y temperatura. Por lo que, se ha determinado que largos periodos de sequia, junto con factores bioticos, han sido los principales factores asociados al decaimiento de las masas forestales a nivel mundial. El proceso de mortalidad asociado con factores abioticos y bioticos se conoce como decaimiento forestal y puede manifestarse con diferentes grados de severidad en diversas especies. Los ecosistemas de Quercus se han visto afectados por una disminucion de su superficie causada por eventos severos de mortalidad durante el ultimo siglo, debidos principalmente, a factores abioticos y bioticos. El decaimiento de Quercus se puede definir como un sindrome multicausal en el que tanto agentes bioticos como abioticos interactuan conjuntamente en el espacio y en el tiempo, produciendo sintomas similares, cuyo resultado final es la muerte del arbol. Las especies de Quercus estan amenazadas en todo el mundo por este sindrome, que podria considerarse como uno de los principales problemas de los ecosistemas forestales en el suroeste de la Peninsula Iberica, donde principalmente afecta a encinas (Quercus ilex L.) y alcornoques (Quercus suber L.). El decaimiento de Quercus en la Peninsula Iberica se ha relacionado, principalmente, con el oomiceto de podredumbre radical Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands y en menor escala con los insectos xilofagos del genero Cerambyx sp. Por lo tanto, la evaluacion de los efectos del decaimiento de Quercus en la Peninsula Iberica y sus factores causantes es de maxima importancia. Ademas, la virulencia de las plagas y enfermedades relacionadas con el decaimiento de Quercus podria incentivarse por las futuras predicciones de cambio climatico. En esta tesis doctoral hemos utilizado Sistemas de Informacion Geografica, las tecnicas de data mining y machine learning, junto con el analisis de big data (grandes bases de datos alfanumericas y espaciales) para estudiar el decaimiento de Quercus en Andalucia a escala regional. Las bases de datos utilizadas en esta tesis de doctorado han sido el Tercer Inventario Forestal Nacional de Espana (INF3), la Red Andaluza de Monitoreo de Danos en Ecosistemas Forestales (RED SEDA); datos de presencia de Phytophthora cinnamomi en el sudoeste de Australia, datos de supervivencia de forestaciones con alcornoque en tierras agricolas e informacion ambiental en formato “raster” a una resolucion espacial de 2000 y 200 m2. Hemos aplicado modelos de distribucion de especies (MDE), MDE ensamblados y los datos mencionados anteriormente, para evaluar y analizar los principales factores asociados a los procesos de decaimiento y mortalidad en los ecosistemas Mediterraneos de Q. ilex y Q. suber en Andalucia, asi como para identificar los factores limitantes que promueven / reducen / aumentan / revierten / disminuyen el decaimiento de Quercus. Sugerimos que los factores principales del decaimiento y los procesos de mortalidad de los ecosistemas Quercus ilex y Quercus suber en Andalucia podrian verse intensificados por el cambio climatico. Sobre esta hipotesis general se ha desarrollado el objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral, evaluar el decaimiento de Quercus en Andalucia; mediante el estudio de la distribucion espacial actual de Phytophthora cinnamomi y de escarabajos xilofagos, predecir su futura distribucion potencial en Andalucia; y evaluar los principales factores que explican su distribucion. Ademas de evaluar los programas de forestaciones de tierras agrarias como alternativas para restaurar / mitigar el decaimiento de Quercus en Andalucia. EnglishGlobal change (Land use change, climatic change, invasive species, land overuse and changes of biogeochemical cycles) together with biotic factors (pathogens and pests) is affecting the health of trees and forests in multiple ways which have triggered forest decline worldwide. Climate change affects forests health through changes mainly in precipitation and temperature. Consequently, severe drought together with biotic factors has been pointed out as the mayor factor involved on the worldwide forest decline. Moreover, climate change might aggravate many of the threats to forests ecosystems, such as drought and pest outbreaks. The process of extensive mortality associated with abiotic and biotic factors, it is known as forest decline, forest dieback or forest decay, and it might affect with variable severity to different species. Forest decline commonly involves multiple, interacting factors often becoming the determination of a single cause unrealistic. Oak ecosystems have been affected by a severe decline and mortality during the last century, mainly caused by abiotic and biotic factors. Oaks decline can be defined as a multicausal syndrome in which biotic and abiotic agents interact over time and space, though producing similar symptoms, ending with the death of the trees. Oak species are worldwide threatened by the oak decline syndrome and it could be considered as one of the mayor ecosystem problems in the south west of the Iberian Peninsula which primary affect to holm (Quercus ilex L.) and cork oak (Quercus suber L.) tree species. Oak decline in the Iberian Peninsula has been mainly related to prolonged drought and the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi, though, at lower scale, the xylophage insects are also involved. The oomycete rot oak´s roots constraining the water uptake and drying out the oaks which might be also infected by xylophage insects which feed partly of their life cycle from wood of decaying oak trees. The combination of both agents forms a serious problem to face with. Therefore, assessing the effects of oak decline in the Iberian Peninsula and its triggers factors is a general concern. Moreover, the activity of oak related pest and diseases might be enhanced by the forecasted future climate change. We used the advance of the Geographical Information Systems, data mining and machine learning algorithms together with the analysis of bid data, (large databases, alphanumeric and spatial) to tackle oak decline in Andalusia at landscape level. The databases used in this PhD included The Third Spanish National Forest Inventory (INF3), the Andalusian Network for Damage Monitoring in Forest Ecosystems (RED SEDA) pathogen survey; the results of the Phytophthora cinnamomi sample testing sample surveys in Southwest Australia, survival data from cork oak afforestation and gridded environmental information at 2000 and 200 m2 spatial resolution. We used Species Distribution Models (SDMs), their ensembles and the beforehand mentioned datasets to assess and analyses the core drivers of forest decline and mortality processes of Quercus ilex and Quercus suber ecosystems in Andalusia, as well as the identification of those limiting factors which promote/reduce/increase/revert/ oak decline. We suggest that the core drivers of forest decline and mortality processes of Quercus ilex and Quercus suber ecosystems in Andalusia might be intensified by climate change. Over this general hypothesis the main objective on this PhD thesis was to assess the spatial distribution of the oak decline in Andalusia. Studying the current spatial distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi and the xylophage insects, forecast their future spatial distribution in Andalusia; and assess the main drivers which explain their distribution." @default.
- W2811421808 created "2018-07-10" @default.
- W2811421808 creator A5048518411 @default.
- W2811421808 date "2018-06-27" @default.
- W2811421808 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2811421808 title "Application of spatial analysis techniques to conservation and restoration of Mediterranean Quercus under future climate change scenarios" @default.
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